Abstract
This chapter addresses the question of how men contribute to achieving gender equality and, more broadly, emancipatory change, by focusing on a social group that is usually less associated with emancipatory change and critique, and more with the (re)production of hegemonic masculinity and the hegemony of men: men in leading positions in the financial sector. It uses a threefold perspective on the political dimension of gender: concerning a person’s mode of existence, their agency and concerning the political constitution of the social. This question of how men in leading positions in the financial sector struggle with and question gender relations in their workplace, and the role their industry plays in society, is followed up by analysing two published autobiographical books by men who were in prestigious senior positions in the financial sector. They describe (self)critical reflections on their work and life. These autobiographies show how the ‘personal is political, gendered and economic’, to adapt the feminist slogan, from their specific inside angle and thereby offer insights into potentials and challenges for gender equality as an aspect of emancipatory change on an individual, institutional and societal level.
With contributions by Ashley Brooks, Rosemary Lobban, Sam Martin, and Daragh McDermott.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This analysis is part of my ongoing PhD project on critical (self)reflections by men in leading positions in the financial sector. My material consists of five autobiographical books by men who wrote about their experience working in Zurich, Frankfurt, London and New York (see also Thym 2018) and over 20 interviews with men who are or were employed in senior positions in internationally operating Swiss financial institutions.
- 2.
A linguistic analysis of the form of the autobiographical representation (Koller, 2012, p. 120) would also be insightful, but is here only applied selectively.
- 3.
Anderson (2010, p. 7) mentions that he uses pseudonyms for individuals and institutions to protect himself from possible legal consequences and because he does not aim at criticizing individuals and institutions, but the City culture in general. The pseudonyms he chooses for the banks he works for, the French Banque Inutile, the German Scheissebank and the US-American Megashite, mirror his retrospective disrespect for them. His own pseudonym ‘Jones’ may be a reference to the idiom ‘keeping up with the Joneses’, which refers to a desire or failure to keep up with one’s peers, and to obtain status and wealth.
References
Ahmed, S. (2010). The promise of happiness. Durham NC: Combined Academic Publ.
Anderson, G. (2010). Cityboy: Beer and loathing in the square mile (ebook). John Murray.
Bargetz, B., Ludwig, G., & Sauer, B. (2015). Gouvernementalität und Geschlecht: Politische Theorie im Anschluss an Michel Foucault. Frankfurt: Campus.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). L’illusion biographique. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 62(1), 69–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.1986.2317
Bourdieu, P. (2001). Masculine domination. Cambridge: Polity.
Bremer, H., & Teiwes-Kügler, C. (2014). Habitusanalyse als Habitus-Hermeneutik. Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 14(2), 199–219. doi:https://doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v14i2.16382
Butler, J. (2008). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
Connell, R. (1998). Männer in der Welt: Männlichkeiten und Globalisierung. Widersprüche, 18(67), 91–105.
Connell, R. (2010). Masculinities (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Connell, R., & Wood, J. (2005). Globalization and business masculinities. Men and Masculinities, 7(4), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X03260969
Cornwall, A., Karioris, F. G., & Lindisfarne, N. (Eds.). (2016). Masculinities under Neoliberalism. London: Zed Books.
Crenshaw, K. (2015). On intersectionality: The essential writings of Kimberlé Crenshaw. New York: The New Press.
Demirović, A. (2007). Demokratie in der Wirtschaft: Positionen, Probleme, Perspektiven. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot.
Demirović, A. (2008). Neoliberalismus und Hegemonie. In Neoliberalismus (pp. 17–33). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90899-1_2
Demirović, A. (2013). Kritik der Politik. In R. Jaeggi & D. Loick (Eds.), Nach Marx: Philosophie, Kritik, Praxis (pp. 463–485). Berlin: Suhrkamp.
Demirović, A., & Maihofer, A. (2013). Vielfachkrise und und die Krise der Geschlechterverhältnisse. In H. M. Nickel & A. Heilmann (Eds.), Krise, Kritik, Allianzen: Arbeits- und geschlechtersoziologische Perspektiven (pp. 30–48). Weinheim: Beltz Juventa.
Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2009). Financial services inquiry: Sex discrimination and gender pay gap report of the equality and human rights commission. Manchester/Glasgow/Cardiff.
Frevert, U. (1986). Frauen-Geschichte: Zwischen Bürgerlicher Verbesserung und Neuer Weiblichkeit. (H.-U. Wehler, Ed.) (Erstausgabe.). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
Gramsci, A. (1998). Prison notebooks: Selections. (G. Nowell-smith, trans.) (New ed.). London: Lawrence and Wishart Ltd..
Gregory, M. R. (2009). ‘Talking sports’: Sports and the construction of hegemonic masculinities at work. In M. F. Özbilgin (Ed.), Equality, diversity and inclusion at work: A research companion (pp. 399–412). Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub.
Handon, V. (2015). Die Psycho-Trader: aus dem Innenleben unseres kranken Finanzsystems: ein Insider erzählt. Frankfurt a.M.: Westend.
Hearn, J. (2004). From hegemonic masculinity to the hegemony of men. Feminist Theory, 5(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700104040813
Hearn, J. (2013). Contradictory male/masculine/men’s “I”s: The unwriting of men, and the concept of gex. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses (RCEI), (66), 13–24.
Hearn, J. (2015). Men of the world: Genders, globalizations, transnational times. London: Sage.
Ho, K. (2009). Liquidated: An ethnography of wall street (unknown edition.). Durham: Duke University Press Books.
Hoffmann, W. K. (2003). Macht im Management. Ein Tabu wird protokolliert. Zürich: vdf Hochschulverlag.
Horkheimer, M., & Adorno, T. W. (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment. (G. S. Noeri, Ed.). Stanford, California: Cultural Memory in the Present.
Iwamoto, D. K., Cheng, A., Lee, C. S., Takamatsu, S., & Gordon, D. (2011). “Man-ing” up and getting drunk: The role of masculine norms, alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems among college men. Addictive Behaviors, 36(9), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.04.005
Jackson, D. (2015). Unmasking masculinity (Routledge revivals): A critical autobiography (ebook). Routledge.
Kerfoot, D., & Knights, D. (1993). Management, manipulation and masculinity: From paternalism to corporate strategy in Financial Services in Britain. Journal of Management Studies, 30(4), 659–677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1993.tb00320.x
Koller, H.C. (2012). Anders werden. Zur Erforschung transformatorischer Bildungsprozesse. In I. Miethe & H.R. Müller (Eds.), Qualitative Bildungsforschung und Bildungstheorie (pp. 19–33). Opladen u.a.: Budrich.
Lämmlin, G., & Pohlmann, M. (Eds.). (2011). Neue Werte in den Führungsetagen: Kontinuität und Wandel in der Wirtschaftselite. Karlsruhe: Evangelische Akademie.
Lindisfarne, N., & Neale, J. (2016). Masculinities and the lived experience of neoliberalism. In A. Cornwall, F. G. Karioris, & N. Lindisfarne (Eds.), Masculinities under Neoliberalism (pp. 29–50). London: Zed Books.
Maihofer, A. (1995). Geschlecht als Existenzweise. Macht, Moral, Recht und Geschlechterdifferenz. Frankfurt am Main: Ulrike Helmer.
Maihofer, A. (2013). Philosophie als anti-metaphysische Haltung zur Welt. In D. Grisard, U. Jäger, & T. König (Eds.), Verschieden sein: Nachdenken über Geschlecht und Differenz (pp. 307–319). Sulzbach: Ulrike Helmer.
Maihofer, A. (2014). Hegemoniale Selbstaffirmierung und Veranderung. In K. Hostettler & S. Vögele (Eds.), Diesseits der imperialen Geschlechterordnung. (Post)koloniale Reflexionen über den Westen (pp. 305–318). Bielefeld: transcript.
Maihofer, A. (2015). Sozialisation und Geschlecht. In K. Hurrelmann, U. Bauer, M. Grundmann, & S. Walper (Eds.), Handbuch Sozialisationsforschung (pp. 630–658). Weinheim: Beltz.
Maihofer, A. (2018). Pluralisierung familialer Lebensformen - Zerfall der Gesellschaft oder neoliberal passgerecht? In K. Pühl & B. Sauer (Eds.), Kapitalismuskritische Gesellschaftsanalyse: queerfeministische Positionen (pp. 113–138). Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot.
Marx, K. (1978). On the Jewish question. In The Marx-Engels reader (pp. 26–46). New York: Norton & Company.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2010). The communist manifesto. CreateSpace Independent Publisher.
Meuser, M. (2010). Geschlecht und Männlichkeit: Soziologische Theorie und kulturelle Deutungsmuster (3rd ed.). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Mitropoulos, A. (2011). From precariousness to risk management and beyond. European institute for progressive cultural policies. http://eipcp.net/transversal/0811/mitropoulos/en
Poynting, S., & Donaldson, M. (2005). Snakes and leaders: Hegemonic masculinity in ruling-class boys’ boarding schools. Men and Masculinities, 7(4), 325–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X03260968
Ruttenberg, D. (2009). The hermeneutics of curiosity. On reclamation. In E. Goldstein, A. Diamant, & D. Berman (Eds.), New Jewish feminism: Probing the past, forging the future (pp. 59–65). Woodstock, Vt: Jewish Lights Pub.
Sauer, B. (2010). Das Geschlecht der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise: eine Intervention in aktuelle Krisendeutungen. Kurswechsel: Zeitschrift für gesellschafts-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Alternativen, 1, 38–46.
Sauer, B. (2015). Feministische Staatskonzeption als Digestive. Staat im Spätwerk Foucaults. In B. Bargetz, G. Ludwig, & B. Sauer (Eds.), Gouvernementalität und Geschlecht: Politische Theorie im Anschluss an Michel Foucault (pp. 90–116). Frankfurt: Campus.
Sauer, B., & Starck, K. (2014). Political masculinities: Introduction. In A Man’s world?: Political masculinities in literature and culture (pp. 3–10). Newcastle: CSP.
Sedgwick, E. K. (2002). Paranoid Reading and reparative Reading, or, You’re so paranoid, you probably think this essay is about you. In M. A. Barale, J. Goldberg, & M. Moon (Eds.), Touching Feeling (pp. 123–151). Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822384786-005
Starck, K., & Luyt, R. (2019). Political masculinities, crisis tendencies, and social transition: toward an understanding of change. Men and Masculinities, 1097184X1878273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X18782730
Thym, A. (2018). Hegemony self-critique: How men in finance question aspects of masculine and economic hegemony from within. In J. Hearn, E. V. del Aguila, & M. Hughson (Eds.), Unsustainable institutions of men: Transnational dispersed centres, gender power, contradictions (pp. 71–86). New York: Routledge.
Wagner-Egelhaaf, M. (2000). Autobiographie. Stuttgart Weimar: J.B. Metzler.
Walker, C., & Roberts, S. (Eds.). (2018). Masculinity, labour, and neoliberalism: Working-class men in international perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Woolf, V. (1963). Three guineas. Houghton Mifflin.
Zaloom, C. (2006). Out of the Pits: Traders and Technology from Chicago to London. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press.
Acknowledgment
For helpful feedback I would like to thank Jeff Hearn and the Center for Feminist Social Studies, Örebro University, Andrea Maihofer, Birgit Sauer, Sophie Bürgi, Walter Hoffmann, Oliver Braunschweig and the reviewers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thym, A. (2020). Men in Finance for Emancipatory Social Change?. In: Luyt, R., Starck, K. (eds) Masculine Power and Gender Equality: Masculinities as Change Agents. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35162-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35162-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35161-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35162-5
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)