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3D Printed Ceramic-Polymer Composites for Treating Bone Infection

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Racing for the Surface

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Abstract

It is well known that bacteria and host cells are in a competitive race for the surfaces of dental and orthopedic implants. If bacteria win the race and a biofilm forms, this can lead to infection, and postsurgical complications that may include revision procedures and increased hospital stays can cost thousands of dollars for a single patient, significant lost time from work, altered and restricted lifestyles, and, death. Bone infections are treated with antibiotics given intravenously or orally, via antibiotic-releasing bone cement or collagen sponges placed directly within the infected area. Collectively, these approaches have limited effectiveness due to the lack of site specificity, uncontrolled release, and additional surgeries. Antibiotics currently in use suffer from systemic toxicity, short half-life, and increases in bacterial resistance. This chapter will cover topics related to antimicrobial biomaterials (e.g., antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, etc.), antimicrobial coatings, antimicrobial drug delivery vehicles, as well as research integrating both antimicrobial and osteoinductive/osteoconductive properties. Antibiotic resistance and implants ineffective in inhibiting antimicrobial growth offer to shift the race in favor of bacteria. Strategies designed to increase bacterial resistance and offer a supportive environment for resistant pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts will also be discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the funding assistance provided by the Center for Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Tissue and Organ Regeneration (CDOCTOR) with the support of NIH NIDCR (U24DE026914).

Disclosures: Dr. David K Mills is a co-inventor on Methods and Devices for Three-Dimensional Printing or Additive Manufacturing of Bioactive Medical Devices. United States Patent Application No. 14/822,275 filed on August 10, 2015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Science and Nanotechnology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA

    Anusha Elumalai, Yangyang Lou, Ahmed Humayun & A. J. McFarland

  2. Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA

    David K. Mills

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA

    David K. Mills

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  1. Anusha Elumalai
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  2. Yangyang Lou
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  3. Ahmed Humayun
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  4. A. J. McFarland
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  5. David K. Mills
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Correspondence to David K. Mills .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Bingyun Li

  2. Microbiology Lab, AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Graubünden, Switzerland

    Thomas Fintan Moriarty

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Thomas Webster

  4. Engineering and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Malcolm Xing

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Elumalai, A., Lou, Y., Humayun, A., McFarland, A.J., Mills, D.K. (2020). 3D Printed Ceramic-Polymer Composites for Treating Bone Infection. In: Li, B., Moriarty, T., Webster, T., Xing, M. (eds) Racing for the Surface. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34475-7_25

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