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Racing for the Surface pp 73–89Cite as

Biofilm-inhibiting and Osseointegration-promoting Orthopedic Implants with Novel Nanocoatings

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Abstract

Orthopedic implants are medical devices surgically placed into the body to replace a missing joint or bone or to reinforce a damaged structure. However, there is up to a 28% loosening rate on cementless implanted knee joint prostheses within a 4–10-year period after implant insertion, and a 2–5% infection rate for orthopedic implants (joint prostheses and fracture fixation devices). In the USA, total hip and knee arthroplasties currently account for over one million interventions each year. Due to the enormous size of the patient population with orthopedic implants, even a currently low risk of infection or failure has not only caused many patients to suffer, but it has also incurred huge costs for the associated health care system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel dual-functional nanocoating technology with judiciously engineered physicochemical properties to address simultaneously the two critical issues long facing orthopedic implants: lack of integration with bone tissue and biofilm-caused infections for the enhanced success of implants.

We have generated a nanocoating showing a very promising capability of inhibiting biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, two of the most common biofilm formers on orthopedic implants, and enhancing bone conductivity simultaneously. The dual-functional nanocoatings coming out of our research demonstrated the following unique features for orthopedic implants: (1) inhibit bacterial colonization and concomitantly promote osteoblast functions; (2) generate long-lasting functionalities for practical clinical applications because these nanocoatings are dense and highly cross-linked without substances of low molecular weight; (3) provide needed abrasion resistance for orthopedic implants and ensure strong coating adhesion to the surface; and (4) improve bone integration and reduce device-related infections in the long run.

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Acknowledgments

Some of the research results presented in this entry were generated from the project funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the NIH, grant R44HL097485 and NIH grant P01HL573461. The authors are grateful for the contributions of all colleagues and collaborators in this research area of nanocoating technology for orthopedic implant application. We are also thankful for the thoughtful and constructive comments and suggestions of the reviewers, which have improved the presentation.

Conflict of interest: Dr. Hongmin Sun owns stocks in Nanova, Inc. This does not detract from an author’s objectivity in presentation of study results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanova, Columbia, MO, USA

    Meng Chen & John E. Jones

  2. School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Hongmin Sun & Yuanxi Xu

  3. College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA

    Hongjiao Ouyang & Shankar Revu

  4. College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Qingsong Yu

  5. Department of Clinical Development and Registration, Protech Pharmaservices Corporation (PPC), Shanghai, China

    Yuanxi Xu

Authors
  1. Meng Chen
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  2. Hongmin Sun
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  3. Hongjiao Ouyang
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  4. John E. Jones
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  5. Qingsong Yu
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  6. Yuanxi Xu
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  7. Shankar Revu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Meng Chen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Bingyun Li

  2. AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Graubünden, Switzerland

    Thomas Fintan Moriarty

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Thomas Webster

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Malcolm Xing

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Chen, M. et al. (2020). Biofilm-inhibiting and Osseointegration-promoting Orthopedic Implants with Novel Nanocoatings. In: Li, B., Moriarty, T., Webster, T., Xing, M. (eds) Racing for the Surface. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34471-9_3

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