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Role and Characterization of Nano-Based Membranes for Environmental Applications

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Membranes for Environmental Applications

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 42))

Abstract

Environmental issues emerge as a result of the harmful effects of human activities from different points of sources on biophysical environment. Lots of environmental damages can be rectified. The prevention of further damage can be achieved through the utilization of membrane separation processes. The utilization of membrane separation process to combat environmental pollution illustrates the application of membrane materials to effectively prevent environmental pollution in a sustainable manner. Nano-based membranes usually fabricated from organic polymer-based nanocomposites have proven to be promising membrane separation technology for environmental issues. In this report, we reviewed the role and characterizations of nano-based membranes for environmental applications. Thus, the major points are, firstly, factors influencing nano-based membranes performance and, secondly, important characterization techniques commonly used in characterizing the surface of membranes fabricated with the incorporation of nanomaterials. Thirdly, we reviewed the models used in characterizing the transport properties across nano-based membranes since these properties are principally controlled by the surface layer, thickness, porosity, and pore size. Finally, the environmental applications of nano-based membranes are reviewed.

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Abbreviations

NF:

Nanofiltration

V p :

Permeate volume

RO:

Reverse osmosis

%R :

Percentage rejection

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

J :

Flux

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

C i, m :

Bulk feed concentration

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

C i, p :

Permeate concentration

DE:

Dielectric exclusion

z i :

Valence of ion (i)

DSPM:

Donnan–steric partitioning pore model

D i, p :

Hindered diffusivity (m2/s)

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

γ SV :

Solid–vapor interfacial energy

XRD:

X-ray powder diffractometer

γ SL :

Solid–liquid interfacial energy

PSCF:

Preferential sorption/capillary flow

γ LV :

Liquid–vapor interfacial energy

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared

θ γ :

Equilibrium contact angle

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

K i, c :

Convection hindrance factor

c i :

Concentration of ions in the membrane (mol/m3)

F :

Faraday constant (C/mol)

ϕ :

Equilibrium partition coefficient

ψ :

Electrical potential (V)

R :

Universal gas constant (J/mol.K)

D sm :

Diffusion coefficient

c T :

Total molar concentration

x :

Membrane thickness

K s :

Solute distribution coefficient

APAN:

Aminated polyacrylonitrile

MWCNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

X d :

Effective charge density

r P :

Pore radius

e :

Electronic charge

ε b :

Dielectric constant of the bulk

YSZ:

yttrium-stabilized zirconia

ε m :

Dielectric constant of the membrane material

GO:

Graphene oxide

ε p :

Dielectric constant inside the pores

CM:

ceramic membranes

DSPM-DE:

Donnan–steric partitioning pore model with dielectric exclusion

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Oluranti Agboola, Samuel Eshorame Sanni & Daniel Temitayo Oyekunle

  2. Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa

    Oluranti Agboola, Rotimi Sadiku & Peter Adeniyi Alaba

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

    Patricia Popoola & Victoria Oluwaseun Fasiku

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Mukuna Patrick Mubiayi

Authors
  1. Oluranti Agboola
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  2. Rotimi Sadiku
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  3. Patricia Popoola
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  4. Samuel Eshorame Sanni
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  5. Peter Adeniyi Alaba
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  6. Daniel Temitayo Oyekunle
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  7. Victoria Oluwaseun Fasiku
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  8. Mukuna Patrick Mubiayi
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Zhien Zhang

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Macau, Macau, China

    Wenxiang Zhang

  3. Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Agboola, O. et al. (2020). Role and Characterization of Nano-Based Membranes for Environmental Applications. In: Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Membranes for Environmental Applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33978-4_8

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