Advances in Pd Membranes for Hydrogen Production from Residual Biomass and Wastes

Maroño, M.; Alique, D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33978-4_12

M. Maroño⁷ &
D. Alique⁸

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 42))

628 Accesses

Abstract

Hydrogen production from residual biomass and wastes is a sustainable approach for reducing their final accumulation in landfills and simultaneously a very promising alternative for the energy recovery. Most developed technologies to produce H₂ from residual biomass and wastes are reviewed in this chapter focusing on the separation/purification of the produced hydrogen. Suitability of both thermochemical and biological technologies for hydrogen production is described, and examples of industrial processes are included. Basics of hydrogen separation/purification with membranes are detailed, and suitable separation technologies for the purification of hydrogen produced from biomass and waste conversion are presented focusing on the most recent advances in Pd-based membranes. The use of membrane reactors in which the traditional chemical reaction is combined to the continuous extraction of the main product with high purity, in this case hydrogen, is particularly interesting, being also addressed the most recent developments in this field.

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Abbreviations

ATR:: Autothermal reforming
CCS:: Carbon capture and storage
CCU:: Carbon capture and utilization
DC:: Direct current
DF:: Dark fermentation
DOE:: Department Of Energy (United States of America)
DOR:: Dry oxidation reforming
DR:: Dry reforming
EAP:: East Asia and Pacific region
ELP:: Electroless plating
ELP-PL:: Electroless plating with additional protective layer
ELP-PP:: Electroless pore-plating
EU:: European Union
FBR:: Fluidized-bed reactor
GHGs:: Greenhouse gases
GHSV:: Gas hourly space velocity
HT:: High temperature
HRF:: Hydrogen recovery factor
IGCC:: Integrated gasification combined cycle
LT:: Low temperature
MCW:: Microwaves
MR:: Membrane reactor
MSW:: Municipal solid waste
NG:: Natural gas
OCDE:: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OMW:: Olive mill wastewater
OS-ELP:: Osmosis-assisted electroless plating
PBR:: Packed bed reactor
PCB:: Printed circuit board
PF:: Pore filling
POR:: Partial oxidation reforming
PSA:: Pressure swing adsorption
PSS:: Porous stainless steel
RDF:: Refuse-derived fuel
RF:: Refuse fraction
RFR:: Radio frequency
SEM:: Scanning electron microscopy
SEWGS:: Sorption-enhanced water–gas shift
SIP:: Steam–iron process
SMR-OG:: Steam methane reforming off-gas
SNG:: Synthetic natural gas
SR:: Steam reforming
SRF:: Solid recovered fraction
USA:: United States of America
VA-ELP:: Vacuum-assisted electroless plating
WGS:: Water–gas shift

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Acknowledgments

We would express our gratitude to professors Z. Zhang, W. Zhang, and E. Lichtfouse, editors of this book, for the opportunity to prepare a contribution based on the advances in Pd membranes for hydrogen production from residual biomass and wastes. Some words of thanks need also to be dedicated to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for supporting the research activities of CIEMAT and URJC on this topic through diverse public research projects: PSE-120000-2008-29, ENE2009-08002, IPT-2012-0365-120000 and ENE-2007-66959, CTQ2010-21102-C02-01, CTQ2013-44447-R, and ENE2017-83696-R, respectively. Finally, we also thank all rights for reproducing figures and tables from previous works.

List of Symbols

α _H2/N2	Ideal separation factor between hydrogen and nitrogen
E _a	Activation energy (kJ mol⁻¹)
k _H2	Hydrogen permeability (mol m⁻¹ s⁻¹ Pa^−0.5)
k′ _H2	Hydrogen permeance (mol m⁻² s⁻¹ Pa^−0.5)
K _int	Intra-particle diffusion coefficient
J _i	Permeate flux of component i (i.e., hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.) (mol s⁻¹)
n	Exponent of pressure driving force in Sieverts’ law
P	Pressure (Pa)
P _p,i	Pressure of component i in the permeate side (Pa)
P _r,i	Pressure of component i in the retentate side (Pa)
η _mem	Membrane effectiveness factor
T	Temperature (°C)
t	Thickness (μm)
X _i	Chemical conversion of component i (%)

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Authors and Affiliations

CIEMAT, Combustion and Gasification Division, Madrid, Spain
M. Maroño
Department of Chemical, Energy and Mechanical Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Spain
D. Alique

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Correspondence to M. Maroño .

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Editors and Affiliations

William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Zhien Zhang
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Macau, Macau, China
Wenxiang Zhang
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
Eric Lichtfouse

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Maroño, M., Alique, D. (2020). Advances in Pd Membranes for Hydrogen Production from Residual Biomass and Wastes. In: Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Membranes for Environmental Applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33978-4_12

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33978-4_12
Published: 01 March 2020
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