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Membranes for Environmental Applications pp 383–411Cite as

Membrane Reactors for Renewable Fuel Production and Their Environmental Benefits

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Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 42))

Abstract

In this communication, we discuss various production methods as potential venues targeted towards alternative fuel generation. These will revolve around the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process and biodiesel and hydrogen generation techniques. The implementation of membrane reactors in the production of fuels will be shown and discussed; and their advantages will be detailed. The main routes of hydrogen production are also detailed, which include autothermal reforming and biological process. This was done to compare the main advantages of various techniques for the production of hydrogen, as it is noted to be the most desired utility fuel that can serve various purposes. The application of membranes also facilitates an increase in the conversion of desired products while shifting the equilibrium of the reaction and reducing undesired by-products. Membrane reactors also overcome immiscibility issues that hinder conventional reactor processes. Membrane reactors are also demonstrated to reduce the difficulty in separating and purifying impurities, as they couple separation and reaction in one process. This shows drastic economic and energy requirement reductions in the amount of wastewater treatment associated with conventional fuel production reactor. Emphasis is also paid to catalytic membranes used for the production of biodiesel, which can also remove glycerol from the product line as an added advantage.

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Abbreviations

CH4 :

Methane

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

FT:

Fischer–Tropsch

GHGs:

Greenhouse gases

HC:

Hydrocarbon

ML-CMR:

Monolith loop catalytic membrane reactor

Ni:

Nickel (-based catalyst)

O2 :

Oxygen

PSA:

Pressure swing absorption

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Rh:

Rhodium (-based catalyst)

SMR:

Steam methane reforming

SO2 :

Sulfur dioxide

SPVA:

Sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol)

TCT:

Thermochemical treatment

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK

    Sanaa Hafeez & Achilleas Constantinou

  2. Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait

    S. M. Al-Salem

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK

    Achilleas Constantinou

Authors
  1. Sanaa Hafeez
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  2. S. M. Al-Salem
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  3. Achilleas Constantinou
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Correspondence to Achilleas Constantinou .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Zhien Zhang

  2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Macau, Macau, China

    Wenxiang Zhang

  3. Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Hafeez, S., Al-Salem, S.M., Constantinou, A. (2020). Membrane Reactors for Renewable Fuel Production and Their Environmental Benefits. In: Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Membranes for Environmental Applications. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33978-4_10

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