Abstract
We introduce a method for tracking the community evolution and a prototype (Ant-SNE) for analyzing multivariate time series and guiding interactive exploration through high-dimensional data. The method is based on t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), a machine learning algorithm for nonlinear dimension reduction well-suited for embedding high-dimensional data for visualization in a low-dimensional space of two or three dimensions. By tracking the evolution of temporal multivariate data points, we are able to locate unusual behaviors (outliers) and interesting sub-series for further analysis. In the experiments, we conducted two case studies with the US employment dataset and the HPC health status dataset in order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bach, B., Henry-Riche, N., Dwyer, T., Madhyastha, T., Fekete, J.D., Grabowski, T.: Small MultiPiles: piling time to explore temporal patterns in dynamic networks. Comput. Graph. Forum. 34, 31–40 (2015)
Bach, B., Pietriga, E., Fekete, J.D.: Visualizing dynamic networks with matrix cubes. In: Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 877–886 (2014)
Beck, F., Burch, M., Vehlow, C., Diehl, S., Weiskopf, D.: Rapid serial visual presentation in dynamic graph visualization. In: Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, pp. 185–192 (2012)
Beck, F., Burch, M., Diehl, S., Weiskopf, D.: A taxonomy and survey of dynamic graph visualization. Comput. Graph. Forum 36, 133–159 (2016)
Becker, R.A., Eick, S.G., Wilks, A.R.: Visualizing network data. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 1(1), 16–28 (1995)
Belkin, M., Niyogi, P.: Laplacian eigenmaps and spectral techniques for embedding and clustering. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 585–591 (2002)
Bostock, M., Ogievetsky, V., Heer, J.: D3 data-driven documents. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17(12), 2301–2309 (2011)
Brandes, U., Nick, B.: Asymmetric relations in longitudinal social networks. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17(12), 2283–2290 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.169
Burch, M., Vehlow, C., Beck, F., Diehl, S., Weiskopf, D.: Parallel edge splatting for scalable dynamic graph visualization. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 17(12), 2344–2353 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.226
Burch, M., Beck, F., Weiskopf, D.: Radial edge splatting for visualizing dynamic directed graphs. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Information Visualization and Applications, pp. 603–612 (2012)
Cai, Z., Jermaine, C.: The latent community model for detecting sybils in social networks. In: NDSS (2012)
Chernoff, H., Association, S., Jun, N.: The Use of Faces to Represent Points in K-Dimensional Space Graphically 68(342), 361–368 (2007)
Dang, T.N., Wilkinson, L.: TimeExplorer: similarity search time series by their signatures. In: Bebis, G., et al. (eds.) ISVC 2013. LNCS, vol. 8033, pp. 280–289. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41914-0_28
Dang, T.N., Anand, A., Wilkinson, L.: TimeSeer: scagnostics for high-dimensional time series. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(3), 470–483 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.128
Dang, T.N., Cui, H., Forbes, A.G.: MultiLayerMatrix: visualizing large taxonomic datasets. In: Andrienko, N., Sedlmair, M. (eds.) EuroVis Workshop on Visual Analytics (EuroVA). The Eurographics Association (2016). https://doi.org/10.2312/eurova.20161125
Dang, T.N., Franz, N., Ludäscher, B., Forbes, A.G.: ProvenanceMatrix: a visualization tool for multi-taxonomy alignments. In: Proceedings of the ISWC Workshop on Visualization and User Interfaces for Ontologies and Linked Data (VOILA), vol. 1456, pp. 13–24. CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2015)
Dang, T.N., Murray, P., Forbes, A.G.: PathwayMatrix: visualizing binary relationships between proteins in biological pathways. BMC Proc. 9(6), S3 (2015)
Demartines, P., Hérault, J.: Curvilinear component analysis: a self-organizing neural network for nonlinear mapping of data sets. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks 8(1), 148–154 (1997)
Ghoniem, M., Fekete, J.D., Castagliola, P.: On the readability of graphs using node-link and matrix-based representations: a controlled experiment and statistical analysis. Inf. Vis. 4(2), 114–135 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500092
Greilich, M., Burch, M., Diehl, S.: Visualizing the evolution of compound digraphs with TimeArcTrees. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Conference on Visualization, pp. 975–990 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01451.x
Henry, N., Fekete, J.D.: MatrixExplorer: a dual-representation system to explore social networks. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 12(5), 677–684 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2006.160
Hinton, G.E., Roweis, S.T.: Stochastic neighbor embedding. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 857–864 (2003)
Hotelling, H.: Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components. J. Educ. Psychol. 24(6), 417 (1933)
Inselberg, A., Dimsdale, B.: Parallel coordinates: a tool for visualizing multi-dimensional geometry. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Visualization 1990, pp. 361–378. IEEE Computer Society Press (1990)
Keim, D.A.: Designing Pixel-Oriented Visualization Techniques: Theory and Applications 6(1), 59–78 (2000)
Keller, R., Eckert, C.M., Clarkson, P.J.: Matrices or node-link diagrams: which visual representation is better for visualising connectivity models? Inf. Vis. 5(1), 62–76 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500116
Kim, N.W., Card, S.K., Heer, J.: Tracing genealogical data with timenets. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pp. 241–248 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1145/1842993.1843035
LeBlanc, J., Ward, M.O., Wittels, N.: Exploring n-dimensional databases. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Visualization 1990, pp. 230–237. IEEE Computer Society Press (1990)
Liu, S., Wu, Y., Wei, E., Liu, M., Liu, Y.: StoryFlow: tracking the evolution of stories. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 19(12), 2436–2445 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2013.196
Ma, C., Kenyon, R.V., Forbes, A.G., Berger-Wolf, T., Slater, B.J., Llano, D.A.: Visualizing dynamic brain networks using an animated dual-representation. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Conference on Visualization, pp. 73–77 (2015)
Newman, M.E.J., Girvan, M.: Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Phys. Rev. E 69, 026113 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.026113
Nguyen, M., Purushotham, S., To, H., Shahabi, C., Angeles, L.: m-TSNE : A Framework for Visualizing High-Dimensional Multivariate Time Series (2017)
Rauber, P.E., Falcão, A.X., Telea, A.C.: Visualizing time-dependent data using dynamic t-SNE. In: Proceedings of the Eurographics/IEEE VGTC Conference on Visualization: Short Papers, EuroVis 2016, Eurographics Association, Goslar Germany, pp. 73–77 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2312/eurovisshort.20161164
Reda, K., Tantipathananandh, C., Johnson, A., Leigh, J., Berger-Wolf, T.: Visualizing the evolution of community structures in dynamic social networks. In: Proceedings of Eurographics Conference on Visualization, pp. 1061–1070 (2011)
Roweis, S.T., Saul, L.K.: Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding. Science 290(5500), 2323–2326 (2000)
Sammon, J.W.: A nonlinear mapping for data structure analysis. IEEE Trans. Comput. 100(5), 401–409 (1969)
Shneiderman, B.: Tree Visualization with Tree-Maps : 2-d Space-Filling Approach 11(1), 92–99 (1992)
Tanahashi, Y., Ma, K.L.: Design considerations for optimizing storyline visualizations. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 18(12), 2679–2688 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.212
Tantipathananandh, C., Berger-Wolf, T.Y.: Finding communities in dynamic social networks. In: 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining, pp. 1236–1241, December 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2011.67
Tenenbaum, J.B., De Silva, V., Langford, J.C.: A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 290(5500), 2319–2323 (2000)
Torgerson, W.S.: Multidimensional scaling: I. theory and method. Psychometrika 17(4), 401–419 (1952)
Van Der Maaten, L., Hinton, G.: Visualizing Data using t-SNE 9, 2579–2605 (2008)
Van der Walt, S., Smith, N.: mpl colormaps (2015). http://bids.github.io/colormap
Ward, M., Grinstein, G., Keim, D.: Interactive Data Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick (2010)
Wasserman, S., Faust, K.: Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press, New York (1994). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815478
Weinberger, K.Q., Sha, F., Saul, L.K.: Learning a kernel matrix for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. In: Proceedings of The Twenty-first International Conference on Machine Learning, p. 106. ACM (2004)
Yang, K., Shahabi, C.: A PCA-based similarity measure for multivariate time series. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Multimedia Databases, pp. 65–74. ACM (2004)
Yi, J.S., Elmqvist, N., Seungyoon, L.: TimeMatrix: analyzing temporal social networks using interactive matrix-based visualizations. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Int. 26(11–12), 1031–1051 (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nguyen, N.V.T., Dang, T. (2019). Ant-SNE: Tracking Community Evolution via Animated t-SNE. In: Bebis, G., et al. Advances in Visual Computing. ISVC 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11844. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33720-9_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33720-9_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33719-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33720-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)