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The Internal Senses in the Aristotelian Tradition pp 69–80Cite as

Jodocus Trutfetter (c. 1460–1519) on Internal Senses

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Part of the book series: Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind ((SHPM,volume 22))

  • The original version of this chapter was revised: “Abstract” is incorrect in the previous online version of this chapter which has been corrected now. The correction to this chapters is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33408-6_10

Abstract

Jodocus Trutfetter’s presentation of the internal senses is firmly rooted in his via moderna - type semantic approach to faculty psychology. This is evident already in the 1514 version of his natural philosophy, but it is reinforced in the abriged revision from 1517. It may seem that in 1514 Trutfetter hides his own position in the central question behind the presentation of different views, but in the later edition he focuses on presenting one most plausible view. Regarding the use of Thomist terminology, the earlier edition would suggest a broader adoption of Thomist views, but this may be due to its way of presenting the various positions more extensively. The latter edition continues and even reflects more clearly Trutfetter’s general attitudes towards various authorities, where he defended the use of the authorities of the via moderna, but did not exclude the earlier authorities either. Among them Aquinas and the Thomist position continued to have a specific value for him.

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Change history

  • 16 July 2020

    Owing to an oversight “Abstract” is incorrect in the previous online version of chapter 5. This has now been corrected.

Notes

  1. 1.

    On the emergence of the schools, see Hoenen (2003).

  2. 2.

    On Trutfetter’s life and works see Kleineidam (1992), 153–4, 290–2; Pilvousek (2002).

  3. 3.

    On Luther’s studies in the Faculty of Arts, see Kleineidam (1992), 163–169.

  4. 4.

    Pilvousek (2002), 101–102; Scheible (2007), 12.

  5. 5.

    Kärkkäinen (2009), 429.

  6. 6.

    Plitt (1876), 11; Jodocus Trutfetter, Summule totius logice, fol. C1v. Reverence of Aquinas was not uncommon to the Erfurt via moderna since Amplonius Rating of Bercka, the founder of the college Porta coeli, had already recommended the study of Aquinas, Giles of Rome, Alexander of Hales and Henry of Ghent. See Kleineidam (1985), 182–183.

  7. 7.

    Tewes (1995).

  8. 8.

    Bollbuck (2012).

  9. 9.

    Trutfetter, Summule, fol. B1r.

  10. 10.

    Kärkkäinen (2009), 430–432.

  11. 11.

    Christoph Scheurl, Letter to Trutfetter. 25 August 1513 (Scheurl [1867], 125). See also Scheurl, Letter to Trutfetter, 13 December 1514 (Scheurl [1867], 138).

  12. 12.

    Trutfetter, Summa in totam physicen (= Summa [1514]), Cc2v–Dd2r.

  13. 13.

    Trutfetter, Summa philosophiae naturalis contracta (= Summa [1517]). The discussion on internal senses is found in fol. 95r–96v.

  14. 14.

    On the genres of Parvulus commentary and compendium, see Verboon (2010), 23.

  15. 15.

    Lalla (2003), 77–78, 87; Pluta (1987), 30–31.

  16. 16.

    Kärkkäinen (2009), 437.

  17. 17.

    Usingen, Compendium naturalis philosophie. For later editions, see Lalla (2003), 408–409.

  18. 18.

    Kleineidam (1985), 240–241.

  19. 19.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Y1r–Y2r, Z3r–Z4r.

  20. 20.

    “Sunt alii quidam actus animae ... quos connotat hoc nomen potentia sensitiva interior, sive a quibus anima pro qua supponit potentia sensitiva interior sive sensus interior denominatur.” (Trutfetter, Summa [1514], fol. Cc2v). “Has namque et similes operationes non connotat nomen potentia sensitiva exterior, nec ab eis anima sensus exterior sed interior dicitur.” (Trutfetter, Summa [1517], fol. 95r).

  21. 21.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc2v–Cc3r, Dd2r. Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 95r–96r.

  22. 22.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc2v. Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 95r.

  23. 23.

    “Sunt alii quidam actus animae ... quos connotat hoc nomen potentia sensitiva interior.” Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc2v. Cf.: “[Q]uod omnia huiusmodi vocabula distinctas operationes et organa, quorum ministerio anima utitur, connotant et pro anima supponunt.” Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Dd2r. In 1517, Trutfetter expresses himself in a bit more nuanced way by dropping out the use of the term “act” as a synonym of operation and speaking of distinct operations in diverse organs: (a) “Has namque et similes operationes non connotat nomen potentia sensitiva exterior, nec ab eis anima sensus exterior sed interior dicitur.” Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 95r, (b). “[A]nimam sensitivam significari quinque distinctis vocabulis specivocis pro ipsa supponentibus ac distinctas operationes quas in distinctis organis producere potest connotantibus.” Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 96r.

  24. 24.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc2v–Cc3r; Peter of Ailly, Tractatus, c. 3. p. 1 (ed. Pluta 24–25). Trutfetter omits this initial list of positions from the 1517 version. As for Aristotle, Trutfetter does not argue that he would have a detailed theory of internal senses, but merely that his view includes a concept of a unitary sensory faculty, which has been called common sense and a storing faculty called memory.

  25. 25.

    “Sed me iudice universae nunc memoratae opinationes in hoc conveniunt quod quinque sensus interiores vel virtualiter vel formaliter ponunt. Secunda equidem puta medicorum expresse et formaliter, reliquae duae puta prima et tertia implicite et virtualiter, ut facile clarescet intuenti.” Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc3r.

  26. 26.

    “Ut itaque rem semel finiamus variis opinionibus et loquendi modis de sensibus interioribus omissis, qui plus verbales quam reales esse videntur, aliis plures aliis pauciores ponentibus hoc finaliter dicendum videtur, quod omnia huiusmodi vocabula distinctas operationes et organa, quorum ministerio anima utitur, connotant et pro anima supponunt, quae pro quanto potest dictas operationes excercere sortitur appellationes talium nominum.” Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Dd2r.

  27. 27.

    Usingen, Exercitium de anima, fol. K4r–K5r. However, see also Usingen, Parvulus philosophie naturalis, fol. 105v-106r and idem, Compendium naturalis philosophia, fol. M3r, where the author does not take a definite stance on the number of internal senses.

  28. 28.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 96v.

  29. 29.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 96r.

  30. 30.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Dd1v; Ailly, Tractatus c. 4, p. 6, (ed. Pluta 29).

  31. 31.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Dd1v.

  32. 32.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 96r.

  33. 33.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Ll 1r. Trutfetter repeats the definition almost verbatim in the version from 1517. Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. Z3v.

  34. 34.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. Dd2r.

  35. 35.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc3r–Cc4r; idem, Summa (1517), fol. 95r–v; Ailly, Tractatus c. 4, p. 2, (ed. Pluta 26).

  36. 36.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc4v. Similarly in 1517, see Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 95v.[A minor point: above in n. 33, Trutfetter seems to use “t” instead of “c” in words such as “iuditium” and “spetiebus”, but here he seems to use “c”, e.g. “specie”. Is this just Trutfetter following whatever orthography he prefers or could it be a typo in one of the cases?]

  37. 37.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc4v; Ailly, Tractatus c. 4, p. 4, (ed. Pluta 28).

  38. 38.

    Buridan, Quaestiones in De anima II.23 (ed. Sobol, 388); Ailly, Tractatus, c. 4. p. 4 (ed. Pluta 27–28); Ockham, Scriptum in I Sententiarum 3.2 (OTh 2, 410–411); Gabriel Biel, Collectorium in quattuor libros Sententiarum I.3.6 (ed. Werbeck and Hoffmann, 231–232).

  39. 39.

    Johannes Peyligk, Philosophiae naturalis compendium; Magnus Hundt, Introductorium in Aristotelis physicen, parvulus philosophiae naturalis vulgariter appellatum cum propria non extranea declaratione. On Aquinas, see Black (2000), 66–68.

  40. 40.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc4v; Black (2000), 66; Hundt, Introductorium, fol. 238r; Peyligk, Parvulus, fol. N3r; Ailly, Tractatus, c. 4, p. 4 (ed. Pluta 27–28).

  41. 41.

    Johannes Carnificis of Kaiserslautern (Lutrea), Exercitium librorum de anima, fol. 49r; Usingen, Parvulus, fol. 108v. The text of Parvulus commented by Usingen reads: “Estimative, which is called cogitative”. See also the text of Parvulus in Lalla (2003), 400.

  42. 42.

    Usingen, Exercitium de anima, fol. K4v; idem, Compendium, fol. M3v. Cf. Usingen, Parvulus, fol. 108v, where Usingen oddly uses cogitative for both human and animal faculties. Like Usingen, Lutrea refers to the Thomist view as an opinion, but according to his own view there are only two internal senses: common sense and fantasy. Estimation falls under the domain of fantasy. Lutrea, Exercitium, fol. 49r–v.

  43. 43.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc4v. See Usingen, Exercitium de anima, fol. K4v; idem, Compendium, fol. M3v; idem, Parvulus, fol. 108v; Lutrea, Exercitium, fol. 49r; Black (2000), 67; Hundt, Introductorium, fol. 238r; Peyligk, Parvulus, fol. N3r.

  44. 44.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc4v. Usingen, Parvulus, fol. 108v; idem, Exercitium, fol. K4v. Lutrea is ambiguous here since the corresponding distinction is found only as a part of his description of Thomist opinion. See Lutrea, Exercitium, fol. 49r.

  45. 45.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1514), fol. Cc4v. For Aquinas, see Black (2000), 67. Aquinas uses the expression “natural instinct” in Summa theologiae I.78.4. Both Peyligk and Hund refer explicitly to this passage of Aquinas. Hundt, Introductorium, fol. 238r; Peyligk, Parvulus, fol. N3r. Cf. Usingen, Exercitium de anima, fol. K4v; idem, Compendium, fol. M3v; idem, Parvulus, fol. 108v; Lutrea, Exercitium, fol. 49r–v.

  46. 46.

    Trutfetter, Summa, fol. Dd1r. On Aquinas and the Thomists, see Black (2000), 66–67; Hundt, Introductorium, fol. 226r; Peyligk, Parvulus, fol. N2v.

  47. 47.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 95v.

  48. 48.

    Trutfetter, Summa (1517), fol. 95v.

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    Pekka Kärkkäinen

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  1. Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Seyed N. Mousavian

  2. SAXO-Instituttet, København, Denmark

    Jakob Leth Fink

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Kärkkäinen, P. (2020). Jodocus Trutfetter (c. 1460–1519) on Internal Senses. In: Mousavian, S., Fink, J. (eds) The Internal Senses in the Aristotelian Tradition. Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33408-6_5

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