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Cyclic Dinucleotide Signaling in Mycobacteria

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Microbial Cyclic Di-Nucleotide Signaling

Abstract

The success of a pathogen depends on its ability for long-term survival under hostile environmental conditions. In this regard, second nucleotide messengers like cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP play a major role. In mycobacteria, cyclic di-GMP has been shown to be involved in several fundamental phenotypes like cell division, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance. Compared to cyclic di-GMP, there is little information available regarding the physiological role of cyclic di-AMP in mycobacteria. However, both these second messengers are associated with the activation of immune response in the host. Most antibiotics target the key pathways of the central dogma, but bacteria evolve to become resistant to them. Therefore, auxiliary pathways, like the stress response pathways, can be putative targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Mycobacterium smegmatis encodes a single gene for cyclic di-GMP metabolism and a single gene each for cyclic di-AMP synthesis and hydrolysis. This makes it an ideal system to gain a deeper insight into the phenotypes affected by cyclic dinucleotides in mycobacteria. In this chapter, we have summarized the recent advances in the field of cyclic dinucleotide signaling in mycobacteria with a focus on their metabolism, regulation of activity, and the diversity of phenotypes governed by them. In the future, the research needs to address the important questions regarding the crosstalk between the second messengers as well as identification of new second messengers in mycobacteria.

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Acknowledgment

We would like to thank the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, for funding. DC is grateful to DST J.C. Bose fellowship for funding. AP acknowledges DST for fellowship. AM acknowledges DBT for fellowship. We are also thankful to Sujay Naik for the help with manuscript editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

    Anushya Petchiappan, Avisek Mahapa & Dipankar Chatterji

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  1. Anushya Petchiappan
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  2. Avisek Mahapa
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  3. Dipankar Chatterji
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Correspondence to Dipankar Chatterji .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Shan-Ho Chou

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Nicolas Guiliani

  3. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Vincent T. Lee

  4. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Ute Römling

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Petchiappan, A., Mahapa, A., Chatterji, D. (2020). Cyclic Dinucleotide Signaling in Mycobacteria. In: Chou, SH., Guiliani, N., Lee, V., Römling, U. (eds) Microbial Cyclic Di-Nucleotide Signaling. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33308-9_1

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