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The Optical Clearing Method pp 107–138Cite as

Optical Clearing and Tissue Imaging

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Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Physics ((SpringerBriefs in Physics))

Abstract

Imaging methods are a powerful tool for diagnostic purposes. In this chapter, the most important light-imaging methods, their advantages, and drawbacks are described. The advantages of radiation-free light-based imaging methods relative to traditional radiation methods, such as X-ray, magnetic resonance, or positron emission imaging, are indicated, and the recent advances to improve probing depth, contrast, and resolution in thick tissues are demonstrated. Some historical aspects and recent improvements in light-imaging methods, such as optical coherence tomography, speckle-imaging, second harmonic generation, or light-sheet microscopies, are presented. Due to the recent combination of optical immersion clearing with light-based imaging methods, several studies have been reported, where high-quality images and 3D reconstruction have been obtained for various tissues, providing an alternative to traditional histology or histopathology methods. The purpose of optical clearing is to reduce light scattering, but tissue clearing is obtained through three mechanisms: tissue dehydration, refractive index matching, and protein dissociation. This last mechanism leads to a reduction in the intensity of protein fluorescence, which can be a disadvantage in fluorescence imaging methods. The selection of certain clearing protocols that minimizes or eliminates protein dissociation has been made by some researchers, and a review of such literature is made in the various sections of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department and Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Porto – School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal

    Luís Manuel Couto Oliveira

  2. Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia

    Valery Victorovich Tuchin

  3. Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the RAS, Saratov, Russia

    Valery Victorovich Tuchin

  4. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Moscow, Russia

    Valery Victorovich Tuchin

  5. Tomsk State University, Tomsk & ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Valery Victorovich Tuchin

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  1. Luís Manuel Couto Oliveira
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Oliveira, L.M.C., Tuchin, V.V. (2019). Optical Clearing and Tissue Imaging. In: The Optical Clearing Method. SpringerBriefs in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33055-2_7

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