Skip to main content

Tractor transmissions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fundamentals of Tractor Design
  • 2104 Accesses

Abstract

Importance and general functions. The transmission with included rear axle, also called “transaxle”, Fig. 5.1, is the most important tractor component, representing about 25–30% of total tractor cost.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References – Translation of titles in ( )

  1. Renault, L.: German Patent No. 222 301, filed Dec. 22, 1907, granted May 24, 1910.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hamblin H.J.: Hydraulic propulsion. Farm Mechanization 4 (1952) No. 38, 229–230. Also Farm Mech. 6 (1954) No. 62, 224–225.

    Google Scholar 

  3. -.-: Farm tractor torque converter drive. Diesel Progress 24 (1958) No. 3, 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  4. ] Renius, K.Th.: Stufenlose Drehzahl-Drehmoment-Wandler in Ackerschleppergetrieben. (CVTs for tractor drives). Grundl. Landtechnik 19 (1969) No. 4, 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Asmus, R.W., and W.R. Borghoff: Hydrostatic Transmissions in Farm and Light Industrial Tractors. SAE paper 680 570. New York: Soc. of Aut. Engineers 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Buckingham, F.: The shift in transmissions. Implement & Tractor 76 (1962) May Issue, 32–36 and 92–95.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Renius, K.T.: Grundkonzeptionen der Stufengetriebe moderner Ackerschlepper. (Structures of modern stepped tractor transmissions). Grundl. Landtechnik 18 (1968) No. 3, 97–106.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Elfes, L.E.: Development of a hydraulically shifted tractor transmission. SAE paper 391 A, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Erwin, R.L., and C.T. O’Harrow: Tractor Transmission Responds to Finger-Tip Control. Agric. Engineering 40 (1959) No. 4, 198–203 and 207.

    Google Scholar 

  10. O’Harrow, C.T., and J.F. O’Donneil: Drive line and Hydraulic Systems for Worldwide Ford Tractors. SAE paper 650 677, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Harris, K.C., and J.K. Jensen: John Deere power shift transmission. SAE paper 739 A, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ronayne, R.J., and R.E. Prunty: Oliver over/ under hydraulic drive. SAE paper 680 569, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  13. North, M.R.: Case 1970 Agri-King tractors. SAE paper 690 589, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Renius, K.T.: Die neueren Getriebeentwicklungen bei Ackerschleppern, Teil 1: Stufengetriebe. (Recent tractor transmission developments, Part I: stepped transmissions). VDI-Z 115 (1973) No. 11, 930–936.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kreitzberg, E.A.: Allis-Chalmers 7000 agricultural tractor. SAE Paper 750 811, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  16. -.-: Information from Massey Ferguson on the large models MF 2770 and 2800, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Renius, K.Th.: Neuere Getriebeentwicklungen bei Ackerschleppern. (Recent developments of tractor transmissions). Grundl. Landtechnik 34 (1984) No. 3, 132–142.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Haight, R.E: The John Deere 15-speed Power Shift Transmission. SAE paper 821 063, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ketterling, E., J. Lemke, and J. Horsch: New Series of Large Row Crop Tractors From Case IH. SAE paper 871 641, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Renius, K.Th.: Global transmission concepts for tractors. (Bilingual German-English). ATZoffhighway 7 (2014) No. 2, 16-26 and 28–29.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Renius, K.Th.: Last- und Fahrgeschwindigkeitskollektive als Dimensionierungsgrundlagen für die Fahrgetriebe von Ackerschleppern. (Load and speed spectra for tractor transmissions). Fortschritt-Ber. VDI-Z Series 1, No. 49. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Renius, K.Th.: Festlegung der Getriebeabstufung von Ackerschleppern nach Fahrgeschwindigkeitskollektiven. (Adapting tractor transmission speed spacing to speed spectra). Grundl. Landtechnik 30 (1980) No. 1, 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Renius, K. Th.: European Tractor Transmission Design Concepts. ASAE Paper 76-1526, St. Joseph, Ml, USA: ASAE 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kraus, R.A.: Räderwechselgetriebe. (Change speed gearboxes). In: Hütte. Des Ingenieurs Taschenbuch. Maschinenbau A. 28. Ed., 280–287. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Reimer, B.R.: Design and Application Considerations for Agricultural P.T.O. Drivelines. SAE paper 650 680, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Seigert, P.: Belastung an der Schlepperzapfwelle (Loads on the tractor PTO). Internat. Conference LANDTECHNIK, Nov. 13–14, 1980 Ulm. Manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hansen, M.: Loads Imposed on Power-Take-Off Shafts by Farm Implements. Agric. Engng. 33 (1952) No. 2, 67–70.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Meiners, H.-W.: Die Beanspruchung einzelner Schlepperaggregate bei unterschiedlichen landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten. (Load spectra of tractor components for different agricultural operations). Landtechnik 39 (1984) No. 10, 438–441.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Renius, K.Th.: Belastbarkeit des Zapfwellestummels Form 1, 540 U/min. (Load limits of the PTO shaft type 1, 540 rpm). Internal KHD Report TRV 61 (26.03.1974).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nienhaus, C.: Überlastkupplungen in der Landtechnik – Prinzipien und Anwendungen. (Safety clutches for agricultural machinery – principles and applications). Landtechnik 67 (2012) No. 6, 458–464.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Renius, K.Th.: Ackerschleppergetriebe: Anforderungen und neuere Entwicklungen. (Tractor transmissions: requirements and recent developments). Landtechnik 39 (1984) No. 10, 442–446.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Birkmann, C.: Erstellung, Auslegung und Bewertung lastschaltbarer Zapfwellenkonzepte für Standardtraktoren. (Power shifted PTO structures for standard tractors). Master thesis TU München 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lin, T., and D.R. Buckmaster: Evaluation of an Optimized Engine-Fluid Power Drive System to Replace Mechanical Tractor Power Take-offs. Transactions ASAE 39 (1996) No. 5, 1605–1610.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Husson, G., et al.: Tractor with hybrid power system. US Patent Application US 2105/0210151 A1. Filed April 7, 2015 for AGCO, published July 30, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Firodia, A., R. Bacher, and K.Th. Renius: Transfer of technologies from developed to developing countries. The Case of India. Club of Bologna, Nov. 14–15, 1999. www.clubofbologna.org.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Renius, K.Th., and H. Pfab: Traktorgetriebe: Anforderungen und neuere Entwicklungen. (Tractor transmissions: requirements and recent developments). Landtechnik 45 (1990) No. 10, 358–363.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Renius, K.Th.: Tractor transmission developments. XII CIGR World Congress on Agric. Engineering Milano Aug. 8–Sept.1, 1994. Proc. Vol. 2, 1167–1174.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Müller, F., and H. Sailer: New Future-Oriented Tractor Transmissions from ZF. SAE paper 932420, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  39. -.-: Information from ZF on new transmissions with 6 power shifted speeds, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Renius, K.Th., and M. Brenninger: Tractor engines and transmissions. Billingual. Yearbook Agric. Engineering 9 (1997), 57-61 and 278, 279. Münster: Landwirtschaftsverlag 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Götze, T.: Das Parallelstranggetriebe – ein modifiziertes Doppelkupplungsgetriebe mit verbessertem Rekuperationspotenzial. (The Pre-Adjustable Transmission – a Modified Double Clutch Transmission with Improved Recuperation Potential). Ph.D. thesis Univ. Karlsruhe 2004. IPEK Forsch.-Ber. Bd. 14. Karlsruhe 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Franke, R.: Doppelkupplungsgetriebe für Nutzfahrzeuge. (Dual Clutch Transmission for Commercial Vehicles). ATZ 91 (1989) No. 3, 159–160 and 162.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Renius, K.T., and G. Sauer: Engines and transmissions. In: Yearbook Agricultural Engineering 4 (1991) 41-45 and 198-199. Frankfurt/M.: MaschinenbauVerlag 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Söhne, W., and K.Th. Renius: Ackerschlepper 1984 (Agricultural tractors 1984). ATZ 86 (1984) No. 12, 563–564, 567–568 and 571–575.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Renius, K.Th., and M. Koberger: Traktoren 1999/2000 (Agricultural tractors 1999/2000). ATZ 102 (2000) No. 7/8, 566–572, 574 and 575. Engl. transl. in ATZ worldwide.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Knechtges, H., and K.Th. Renius: Agricultural tractors 2010/2011 (German-Engl.). ATZoffhighway 4 (2011), No. 2, 10–21.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Renius, K.Th. and G. Sauer: Engines and transmissions. In: Yearbook Agricultural Engineering 8 (1996) 55–60 and 250, 251. Münster: Landwirtschaftsverlag 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  48. -.-: Transmission data from CNH 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Johnson, D.: New transmissions for the John Deere 7R and 8R series tractors. Land.technik AgEng Conference Hannover. Nov. 8-9, 2013. In: VDI Ber. 2193, 117–121. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Renius, K.Th., and R. Resch: Continuously Variable Tractor Transmissions. ASAE Lecture Series No. 29 (2005). St Joseph MI, USA: ASAE 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dittrich, O.: Theorie des Umschlingungsgetriebes mit keilförmigen Reibscheibenflanken. (Theory of V-belt drives). Ph.D. thesis TH Karlsruhe 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Kirste, T.: Entwicklung eines 30 kW-Forschungstraktors als Studie für lärmarme Gesamtkonzepte. (Development of a 30 kW research tractor as a low noise study). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1989. Fortschritt-Berichte VDI Series 14, No. 43. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sauer, G.: Grundlagen und Betriebsverhalten eines Zugketten-Umschlingungsgetriebes. (Fundamentals and properties of a pull type chain variator). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1996. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 12, No. 293. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Pfeiffer, F., and J. Srnik: Dynamics of CVT Chain Drives: Mechanical Model and Verification. ASME Conference Sept. 14–17, 1997 Sacramento. Proceedings 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Teubert, A., et al.: LuK CVT Technology – Efficiency, Comfort, Dynamics. In: VDI-Berichte No. 2071, 11–24. Düsseldorf : VDI Verlag 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Koberger, M.: Hydrostatische Ölversorgungssysteme für stufenlose Kettenwandlergetriebe. (Hydrostatic power supply for chain variators). Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 12, No. 413. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Westenthanner, U.: Hydrostatische Anpressund Übersetzungsregelung für stufenlose Kettenwandlergetriebe. (Hydrostatic ratio and clamping force control for chain variators). Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 12, No. 442. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Browning, E.P.: Design of Agricultural Tractor Transmission Elements. ASAE Lecture Series No. 4. St Joseph MI, USA: ASAE 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Resch, R.: Leistungsverzweigte Mehrbereichs-Fahrantriebe mit Kettenwandlern. (Power split drive transmissions with steel belt CVTs). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2004. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 121. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Geimer, M., and K.Th. Renius: Tractor Engines and Transmissions. Bilingual German-English. In: Yearbook Agricultural Engineering 22 (2010), 60–67. Frankfurt/M.: DLG Verlag 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Matthies, H.J., and K.Th. Renius: Einführung in die Ölhydraulik. 8. Auflage. (Introduction to oil hydraulics, 8th Ed.) Wiesbaden: Verlag Springer-Vieweg 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Renius, K.Th.: Untersuchungen zur Reibung zwischen Kolben und Zylinder bei Schrägscheiben-Axialkolbenmaschinen. (Investigations on the friction between piston and cylinder of swash plate axial piston units). Ph.D. thesis TU Braunschweig 1973. VDI-Forschungsheft 561. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Reinke, D.B.: New hydrostatic drives for garden tractors. ASAE paper 65-112, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Asmus, R.W., and W.R. Borghoff: Hydrostatic Transmissions in Farm and Light Industrial Tractors. SAE Paper 680570, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Causemann, P.: Untersuchungen der Anlaufmomente und des Anlaufverhaltens von Axialkolbenmotoren. (Starting torques and torque efficiencies of axial piston motors). Ind.-Anzeiger 94 (1972) No. 81, 1931–1934.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Husson, G., et al.: Tractor with hybrid power system. Patent application (for AGCO) US 2015/0210151 A1, filed April 7, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Ramm, M.: Systematische Entwicklung und Analyse stufenlos verstellbarer Getriebe mit innerer Leistungsverzweigung für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen. (Systematic development and analysis of CVTs with internal power split for mobile machinery). Ph.D. thesis at RWTH Aachen University 2015. ISBN: 978-3-95886-045-2.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kress, J.H.: Hydrostatic Power Splitting Transmissions for Wheeled Vehicles – Classification and Theory of Operation. SAE paper No. 680549, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Gackstetter, G.: Leistungsverzweigung bei der stufenlosen Drehzahlregelung mit vierwelligen Planetengetrieben. (Power split CVTs with four-shaft planetaries). VDI-Z. 108 (1966) No. 6, 210–214.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Marschall H.: Antriebsvorrichtung, insbesondere für land- und bauwirtschaftlich genutzte Fahrzeuge. (Drive transmission, in particular for agricultural and construction machinery vehicles). German patent No. 2,335,629, filed July 13,1973.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Jarchow, F.: Hydrostatisch mechanisches Stellkoppelgetriebe mit eingangsseitiger Leistungsverzweigung. (Input coupled power split CVT). German Patent No. 3,147,447 C2, filed December 1, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Renius, K.Th.: Tractor Transmission Developments with Particular Reference to Europe. Paper presented to the Korean Farm Machinery & Tool lndustry Cooperation: Seoul, Oct. 23, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Renius, K.Th., und B. Vahlensieck: Wirkungsgrade stufenloser Traktor-Fahrantriebe. (Efficiencies of tractor drive CVTs). Landtechnik 51 (1996) No. 5, 248–249.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Aitzetmüller, H.: Steyr S-Matic - The Future Continuously Variable Transmission for all Terrain Vehicles. 13th International Conference of the ISTVS, Munich Sept. 14-17, 1999. Proceedings Vol. II: 463–470.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Molly, H.: Hydrostatische Fahrzeugantriebe – ihre Schaltung und konstruktive Gestaltung. Teil I und II. (Hydrostatic vehicle drives - their control and design. Part I and II). ATZ 68 (1966) No. 4, 103–110 (I) and No. 10: 339–346 (II).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Dziuba, P.F., and R. Honzek: Entwicklung eines neuen stufenlosen Schleppergetriebes mit hydrostatisch mechanischer Leistungsverzweigung. (Development of a new tractor CVT with hydro-mechanical power split). In: VDI Berichte 1393, 541–549. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 1998. See also Agrart. Forschung 3 (1997) No. 1, 19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Hoffmann, D.: Verlustleistungen und Wirkungsgrade eines Hydro-Axialkolbengetriebes mit sphärischen Kolben. (Energy losses and efficiencies of a hydrostatic axial piston transmission with spherical pistons). Landtechnische Forschung 18 (1970) No. 3, 65–69.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Graf, M., M. Brenninger, and R. Heindl: CVDT – The Next Level in Tractor Transmission Technology. In: VDI-Ber. 2251, 39–44. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Pohlenz, J., and W.-D. Gruhle: Stufenloses hydrostatisch-mechanisch leistungsverzweigtes Getriebe. (Continuously variable hydromechanical power split transmission). o+p 46 (2002) No. 3, 154–158.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ziegler, J., G. Bailly, and J. Pohlenz: Rechnerische Verlustleistungsanalyse von stufenlosen Getriebsystemen am Beispiel des ZF Terramatic 11. (Calculation of CVT power losses, example ZF Terramatic 11). In: VDI-Berichte 2226, 423–431. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Geimer, M., and K.Th. Renius: Tractor Engines and Transmissions. In: Yearbook Agric. Engng. 22 (2010) 60–67. Edited by R. Metzner, Max-Eyth-Stiftung. Frankfurt/M.: DLG 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Keller, R.: Die hydrodynamische Übertragung als Lösungsweg für Antriebsprobleme. (Hydrodynamic power transfer for solving transmission problems). Konstruktion 28 (1976) No. 5, 183–189.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Meiners, H.-H.: Der Einfluß der hydrodynamischen Kupplung auf die Belastungen in einem Ackerschlepper. (Influence of hydrodynamic coupling on tractor powertrain loads). Ph.D. thesis TU Braunschweig 1982. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI-Z. Series 14, No. 24. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Utz, J., V. Lichtenwald, and G. Hirt: Short Synchro (STSS) - reduced shift travel for MTs and DGTs. In: VDI-Berichte 2276, 231-242. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Hämmerl, B.: Lebensdauer- und Temperaturverhalten ölgekühlter Lamellenkupplungen bei Lastkollektivbeanspruchung. (Wear and heat of multiple plate clutches under load spectra). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kim, D.C., et al.: Analysis of shifting performance of power shuttle transmission. J. of Terramech. 44 (2007) No. 1, 111–122.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Pahlovy, S.A., et al.: Improvement of transmission efficiency by reducing the drag torque in disengaged wet clutch. In: VDI-Berichte 2276, 879–895. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Palmgren, A.: Die Lebensdauer von Kugellagern. (Life prediction for ball bearings). Z. VDI 68 (1924) No. 14, 339–341.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Renius, K.Th.: Betriebsfestigkeitsberechnung von Maschinenelementen bei Ackerschleppern. (Cumulative damage calculation of machine elements for tractors). Konstruktion 29 (1977) No. 3, 85–93.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Stribeck, R.: Die wesentlichen Eigenschaften der Gleit- und Rollenlager. (Substantial properties of journal and roller bearings). Z. VDI 46 (1902) No. 36, 1341–1348; No. 38, 1432–1438 and No. 39, 1463–1470.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Vogelpohl, G.: Die Stribeck-Kurve als Kennzeichen des allgemeinen Reibungsverhaltens geschmierter Gleitflächen. (The Stribeck curve as a general indicator for friction of lubricated sliding contacts). Z-VDI 96 (1954) No. 9, 261–268.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Jacobson, B.: The Stribeck memorial lecture. Tribology Int. 36 (2003) No. 11, 781–789.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Gümbel, L., and E. Everling: Reibung und Schmierung im Maschinenbau. (Friction and lubrication in mechanical engineering). Berlin: Krayn Verlag 1925.

    Google Scholar 

  94. ISO 7902-1:2013. Hydrodynamic plain journal bearings under steady-state conditions – circular cylindrical bearings – Part 1: Calculation procedure.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Vogelpohl, G.: Betriebssichere Gleitlager. (Reliable journal bearings), Volume I. 2nd Edition (first Edition published 1958). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Reiter, H.: Verluste und Wirkungsgrade bei Traktorgetrieben. (Losses and efficiencies of tractor transmissions). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1990. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 46. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Schaller, K. V.: Betriebsfestigkeitsuntersuchungen zur Grübchenbildung an einsatzgehärteten Stirnradflanken. (Cumulative pitting damage at carburized gear flanks). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Suchandt, Th.: Betriebsfestigkeitsuntersuchungen zur Zahnfußtragfähigkeit einsatzgehärteter Zahnräder und zur Betriebsfestigkeit vergüteter Laschenketten. (Cumulative bending damage at carburized gears and plate link chains). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Stahl, K.: Zahnfuß-Betriebsfestigkeit. (Cumulative damage of tooth bending). FVA Report 502. Frankfurt/M.: FVA, Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Renius, K.Th.: Random load fatigue in tractor transmissions (Bilingual German-English). Landtechnik 56 (2001) No. 6, 390–391. Special paper honoring birthday of Prof. Matthies (80).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Hein, M.: Verkürztes Testverfahren für Getriebe und Antriebselemente zur Bestätigung der Betriebsfestigkeit der Bauteile. (Accellerated test method for transmissions and their elements, confirming cumulative damage theory). FVA Report No. 554 II. TU Munich: TUM-FZG 2016. See also Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Radzevich, S.P.: Dudley’s Handbook of Practical Gear Design, 2nd Edition. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press: 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Niemann, G., and H. Winter: Maschinenelemente, Band II: Getriebe, 2. Aufl. (Machine Elements; Vol: II: Transmissions, 2nd Ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Weigand, U.: Werkstoff- und Wärmebehandlungseinflüsse auf die Zahnfußtragfähigkeit. (Influences of materials and production processes on the tooth bending strength). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Höhn, B.-R., K. Michales, and K. Stahl: Maximale Effizienz – Durchführung und Auswertung von Zahntragfähigkeitsversuchen. (Maximum performance – running and evaluating gear performance tests). antriebstechnik 45 (2006) No. 11, 60–65.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Renius, K.Th.: Betriebsfestigkeitsberechnung und Laborerprobung von Zahnrädern in Ackerschleppergetrieben. (Dimensioning and testing of tractor gears by cumulative damage analysis). In: VDl-Bericht 332, 225–234. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Hirt, M.: Einfluß der Zahnfußrundung auf Spannung und Festigkeit von Geradstirnrädern. (Influence of tooth foot radius on the strength of spur gears). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Brinck, P.: Zahnfußtragfähigkeit oberflächengehärteter Stirnräder bei Lastrichtungsumkehr. (Bending strength of carburized gears for loads from both tooth sides). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Schubert, M.: Einfluss der Befestigungsart und Radkranzdicke auf die Zahnfußfestigkeit von Innenstirnrädern. (Influence of fixing and rim thickness on the bending strength of internal gears). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ehrlenspiel, K., A. Kiewert, and U. Lindemann: Kostengünstig entwickeln und konstruieren. (Designing for minimized cost), 4th Edition. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York etc.: Springer-Verlag 2003. ISBN 3-540-44214-6.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Kutzbach, K.: Mehrgliedrige Radgetriebeund ihre Gesetze. (Multi-element gear wheel systems). Maschinenbau 6 (1927) No. 22, 1080–1083.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Coenenberg, H.H.: Dynamische Beanspruchungen bei Ackerschleppern. (Dynamic tractor loads). Landt. Forschg. 11 (1961) No.6, 145–150; 12 (1962) No. 1, 7–12 and 12 (1962) No. 2, 33–39.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Haibach, E.: Modifizierte lineare Schadensakkumulationshypothese zur Berücksichtigung des Dauerfestigkeitsabfalls mit fortschreitender Schädigung. (Modified linear cumulative damage hypothesis with reduced endurance limit due to damaging progress). Note 50/70 of LBF Darmstadt 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Vahlensieck, B.: A Power Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission for Tractors: Effects on Load Spectra. AgEng’96 Madrid Sept 23–26, Paper 96A-025.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Gerlach, A.: Über die Kräfte in Zahnradgetrieben von Schleppern. (Forces in stepped tractor transmissions). Grundl. Landtechnik 6 (1956) No. 7, 107–110. (See also Ph.D. thesis TH Braunschweig 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  116. Mariutti, H.: Lastkollektive für die Fahrantriebe von Traktoren mit Bandlaufwerken. (Powertrain load spectra of rubber belt tractors). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2002. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 12, No. 530. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Wagner, G.: Berechnung der Verlustleistung von Kfz-Vorgelegegetrieben. (Calculation of power losses for passenger car countershaft transmissions). In: VDI-Berichte 977, 175–198. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Shen, Ye, S. Rinderknecht, and M. Hoppert: General modelling method of power losses in transmission with parameter identification. Forsch. Ingenieurwes. 81 (2017) 117–123.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Höhn, B.-R., K. Michaelis, and A. Wimmer: Low loss gears. Gear Technology 24 (2007) No. 4, 28–35.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Wimmer, A.: Lastverluste von Stirnradverzahnungen. (Load-dependent losses of cylindrical gears). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Ryu, I.H., D.C. Kim, and K.U. Kim: Power Efficiency Characteristics of a Tractor Drive Train. Transactions ASAE 46 (2003) No.6, 1481–1486.

    Google Scholar 

Other suggested publications:

  • Willis, R.: Principles of Mechanism. First Edition. London : John W. Parker, 1841. Second Edition. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1870.

    Google Scholar 

  • Förster, H.J.: Automatische Fahrzeuggetriebe. (Automatic vehicle transmissions). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loomann, J.: Zahnradgetriebe. (Gear transmissions). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naunheimer, H., B. Bertsche, J. Ryborz, and J. Novak: Automotive Transmissions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemann, G, H. Winter, and B.-R. Höhn: Maschinenelemente, Band I. (Machine elements Vol. I, 3rd. Edition). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 6336-1:2006: Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears - Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 6336-2 (Pitting) and ISO 3663-3 (Tooth bending strength).

    Google Scholar 

  • German Yearbook of Agricultural Engineering, founded 1988 by H.J. Matthies, TU Braunschweig. Editors (first person always full professor at TU Braunschweig):

    Google Scholar 

  • - 1988–2004 H.J. Matthies and F. Meier

    Google Scholar 

  • - 2005–2009 H.H. Harms and F. Meier

    Google Scholar 

  • - 2010 H.H. Harms, F. Meier, and R. Metzner

    Google Scholar 

  • - 2011 H.H. Harms and R. Metzner

    Google Scholar 

  • - 2012 until now (2019) L. Frerichs

    Google Scholar 

  • This yearbook contains annual reviews on tractors and its components. The chapters on tractors and those on engines and transmissions were presented uninterrupted by the author, often in cooperation with co-authors or as co-author, issues 1991–2010 bilingual German-English.

    Google Scholar 

  • Issue 1994 is formerly not existing as the volume counting method was modified (no break).

    Google Scholar 

  • Issues are charge-free available since 2012 by open access thanks to Prof. Frerichs, supported by the whole German ag eng community.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karl Theodor Renius .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Renius, K.T. (2020). Tractor transmissions. In: Fundamentals of Tractor Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32804-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32804-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32803-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32804-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics