Abstract
This chapter argues that many of the theoretical approaches currently used to explore computer-assisted language learning originate in face-to-face pedagogy and do not provide explanatory power to account for change in learning contexts where digital tools are being used for communication and interaction. It proposes an alternative approach where complex systems theory is used as a metatheory, offering an overall framework for examining processes of change. In addition, sociocultural theory reflects the belief that learning is a social process, and the multimodal theory of communication allows for a focus on how language learners make meaning today using the various resources that different technologies provide.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Antoniou, I. (2003). Epilogue. In I. Prigogine (Ed.), Is future given? (pp. 77–83). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. Available at https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/CIA%20Remote%20Viewing%20Psychic%20Spies%20ESP%20Russell%20Targ%20%5Bpack%5D/text/Ilya%20Prigogine/Ilya%20Prigogine%20-%20Is%20Future%20Given.pdf.
Bar-Yam, Y. (2009). General features of complex systems. In L. D. Kiel (Ed.), Knowledge Management, Organizational Intelligence and Learning, and Complexity, 1, 43–95.
Beckner, C., Blythe, R., Bebee, J., Christiansen, M. H., Croft, W., Ellis, N. C., et al. (Eds). (2009). Language is as a complex adaptive system: Position paper (Special issue). Language Learning, 59(Suppl. 1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00533.x.
Blommaert, J. (2010). The Sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Breen, M. P. (1999). Teaching language in the postmodern classroom. In R. Ribé (Ed.), Developing learner autonomy in foreign language learning (pp. 47–64). Barcelona: University of Barcelona Press.
Burns, A., & Knox, J. (2011). Classrooms as complex adaptive systems: A relational model. TESL-EJ, 15(1), 1–25. Available at http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume15/ej57/ej57a1/.
Cameron, L., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2007). Complex systems and applied linguistics. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17(2), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2007.00148.x.
Chapelle, C. A. (2009). The relationship between second language acquisition theory and computer-assisted language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 741–753. Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8513/6d3b53e83566d8ea93498deb33f04322208d.pdf.
Cook, G., & Seidlhofer, B. (Eds.). (1995). Principles and practice in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Daniels, H. (2007). Pedagogy. In H. Daniels, M. Cole, & J. V. Wertsch (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to Vygotsky (pp. 307–332). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
de Bot, K. (2008). Introduction: Second language development as a dynamic process. The Modern Language Journal, 92(2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00712.x.
de Bot, K. (2011). Epilogue. In M. Verspoor, K. De Bot, & W. Lowie (Eds.), A dynamic approach to second language development: Methods and techniques (pp. 123–128). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
de Bot, K., Lowie, W., Thorne, S., & Verspoor, M. (2013). Dynamic systems theory as a comprehensive theory of second language development. In M. del Pilar García Mayo, M. Junkal Gutiérrez Mangado, & M. Martínez Adrián (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to second language acquisition (pp. 199–220). Amsterdam and Philadelphia. John Benjamins.
de Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2005a). Dynamic systems theory and applied linguistics: The ultimate “so what”? International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), 116–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2005.0083b.x.
de Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2005b). Second language acquisition: An advanced resource book. London: Routledge.
de Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2007a). A dynamic systems theory approach to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728906002732.
de Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2007b). A dynamic view as a complementary perspective. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728906002811.
Ellis, N. C. (1998). Emergentism, connectionism and language learning. Language Learning, 48(4), 631–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00063.
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, N. C., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2006). Language emergence: Implications for applied linguistics—Introduction to the special issue. Applied Linguistics, 27(4), 558–589. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/aml028.
Finch, A. E. (2001). Complexity in the language classroom. Secondary Education Research, 47, 105–140. Available at http://www.finchpark.com/arts/complexity.pdf.
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Heisenberg, W. (1969). Der Teil und das Ganze. München: Piper.
Hubbard, P., & Levy, M. (2016). Theory in computer-assisted language learning research and practice. In F. Farr & L. Murray (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of language learning and technology (pp. 24–38). London and New York: Routledge. Available at https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315657899.ch2.
Jewitt, C. (2005a). Multimodality, “reading”, and “writing” for the 21st century. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 26(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596300500200011.
Jewitt, C. (2014). The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis. London: Routledge.
John-Steiner, V., & Mahn, H. (1996). Sociocultural approaches to learning and development: A Vygotskian framework. Educational Psychologist, 31(3–4), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1996.9653266.
Jörg, T. (2009). Thinking in complexity about learning and education: A programmatic view. Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 6(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.29173/cmplct8800.
Kirshner. D., & Kellogg, D. (2009). Lev Vygotsky as muse to complex learning/teaching: A response to Ton Jörg’s programmatic view. Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 6(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.29173/cmplct8805.
Kress, G. (2000a). Design and transformation: New theories of meaning. In B. Cope & M. Kalantzis (Eds.), Multiliteracies: Literacy learning and the design of social futures (pp. 153–161). London and New York: Routledge.
Kress, G. (2000b). Multimodality. In B. Cope & M. Kalantzis (Eds.), Multiliteracies: Literacy learning and the design of social futures (pp. 182–202). London and New York: Routledge.
Kress, G., Jewitt, C., Ogborn, J., & Tsatsarelis, C. (2001). Multimodal teaching and learning: The rhetorics of the science classroom. London and New York: Continuum.
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. London: Arnold.
Lantolf, J. P. (2000). Second language learning as a mediated process. Language Teaching, 33(2), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444800015329.
Lantolf, J. P., & Appel, G. (Eds.). (1994). Vygotskian approaches to second language research. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Lantolf, J. P., & Thorne, S. L. (2007). Sociocultural theory and second language learning. In B. van Patten & J. Williams (Eds.), Theories in second language acquisition (pp. 201–224). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (1997). Chaos/complexity science and second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 18(2), 141–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/18.2.141.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2012). Complex, dynamic systems: A new transdisciplinary theme for applied linguistics? Language Teaching, 45(2), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000061.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2013, May). A promising combination: Complexity theory, design-based research, and CALL (Vol. 11). CALICO Book Series. http://clt.manoa.hawaii.edu/juliorodriguez/docs/DesignBasedResearchinCALL.pdf.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2015). Toward an integrative framework for SLA. In AAAL Conference 2015. Toronto, Canada.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2017). Complexity theory: The lessons continue. In L. Ortega & H. ZhaoHong (Eds.), Complexity theory and language development: In celebration of Diane Larsen-Freeman (pp. 11–50). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.48.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Cameron, L. (2008). Complex systems and applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ludvigsen, S., Lund, A., Rasmussen, I., & Säljö, R. (2011). Introduction: Learning across sites; new tools, infrastructures and practices. In S. Ludvigsen, A. Lund, I. Rasmussen, & R. Säljö (Eds.), Learning across sites: New tools, infrastructures and practices (pp. 1–13). Abigndon: Routledge.
Marek, M. W., & Wu, W.-C. V. (2014). Environmental factors affecting computer assisted language learning success: A complex dynamic systems conceptual model. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(6), 560–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.776969.
McNamara, T. (2015). Applied linguistics: The challenge of theory. Applied Linguistics, 36(4), 466–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv042.
Mercer, S. (2011a). Language learner self-concept: Complexity, continuity and change. System, 39(3): 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.07.006.
Mercer, S. (2011b). Understanding learner agency as a complex dynamic system. System, 39(4), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.08.001.
Mercer, S. (2014). A complexity perspective on the self. In S. Mercer & M. Williams (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on the self (pp. 160–176). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Norton, B. (1997). Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 409–429. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587831.
Packer, M. J., & Goicoechea, J. (2000). Sociocultural and constructivist theories of learning: Ontology, not just epistemology. Educational Psychologist, 35(4), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3504_02.
Prigogine, I. (1996). The end of certainty: Time, chaos and the new laws of nature. New York: Free Press.
Resnick, L. B. (1991). Shared cognition: Thinking as social practice. In L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 1–20). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10096-018.
Schrödinger, E. (1926). Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. Annalen der Physik, 80(13), 437–490. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19263851302.
Schulze, M., & Scholz, K. (2016). Complex adaptive systems. In C. Caws & M.-J. Hamel (Eds.), Language-learner computer interactions (pp. 65–87). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/isse.2.04sch.
Schulze, M., & Smith, B. (2015). In theory: We could be better. CALICO, 32(1), i–vi. https://doi.org/10.1558/calico.v32i1.26142.
Thorne, S. L. (2000). Second language acquisition theory and the truth(s) about relativity. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 219–243). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Thorne, S. L. (2003). Artifacts and cultures-of-use in intercultural communication. Language Learning & Technology, 7(2), 38–67. Available at https://www.lltjournal.org/item/2430. http://dx.doi.org/10125/25200.
van Lier, L. (2004a). The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A Sociocultural perspective. New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, and Moscow: Kluwer Academic.
van Lier, L. (2004b). The semiotics and ecology of language learning: Perception, voice, identity and democracy. Utbildning & Demokrati, 13(3), 79–103.
Verspoor, M., Lowie, W., & Van Dijk, M. (2008). Variability in second language development from a dynamic systems perspective. The Modern Language Journal, 92(2), 214–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00715.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hampel, R. (2019). Theoretical Framework. In: Disruptive Technologies and the Language Classroom. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31368-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31368-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-31367-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-31368-5
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)