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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Principles and Functions in Glioma Invasion

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Glioma Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1202))

Abstract

Protein tyrosine kinases are enzymes that are capable of adding a phosphate group to specific tyrosines on target proteins. A receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is a tyrosine kinase located at the cellular membrane and is activated by binding of a ligand via its extracellular domain. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell and regulating cellular activity; furthermore, this mechanism functions as an “on” or “off” switch in many cellular functions. Ninety unique tyrosine kinase genes, including 58 RTKs, were identified in the human genome; the products of these genes regulate cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, function, and motility. Tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the development and progression of many types of cancer, in addition to their roles as key regulators of normal cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that RTKs such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), c-Met, Tie, Axl, discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) play a major role in glioma invasion. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of RTKs in glioma pathobiology, especially the invasive phenotype, and present the perspective that RTKs are a potential target of glioma therapy.

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Abbreviations

Ang:

Angiopoietin

BBB:

Blood brain barrier

CTGF:

Connective tissue growth factor

DDR1:

Discoidin domain receptor 1

EC:

Endothelial cell

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

Eph:

Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

FAK:

Focal adhesion kinase

FGFR:

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

Gas6:

Growth arrest–specific gene 6

GBM:

Glioblastoma multiforme

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol

HB-EGF:

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HIF:

Hypoxia inducible factor

IDH1:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1

JAK:

Janus kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK:

MAPK kinase

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

MT1-MMP:

Membrane-type1-MMP

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

OS:

Overall survival

PDGFR:

Platelet derived growth factor receptor

PFS:

Progression-free survival

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10

PTK:

Protein tyrosine kinase

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TAMR:

A member of the Tyro3, Axl, and Mer family of receptor tyrosine kinase

TCGA:

The Cancer Genome Atlas

TGF-α:

Transforming growth factor alpha

TKI:

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

TMZ:

Temozolomide

TrkA:

Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1

uPA:

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan

    Mitsutoshi Nakada, Daisuke Kita, Ilya V. Pyko, Takuya Watanabe, Yutaka Hayashi & Jun-ichiro Hamada

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan

    Lei Teng

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang district, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Teng

Authors
  1. Mitsutoshi Nakada
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  2. Daisuke Kita
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  3. Lei Teng
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  4. Ilya V. Pyko
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  5. Takuya Watanabe
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  6. Yutaka Hayashi
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  7. Jun-ichiro Hamada
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Correspondence to Mitsutoshi Nakada .

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  1. Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland

    Jolanta Barańska

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Nakada, M. et al. (2020). Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Principles and Functions in Glioma Invasion. In: Barańska, J. (eds) Glioma Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1202. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_8

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