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HIV and Tuberculosis pp 269–294Cite as

HIV and Tuberculosis in Children

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Abstract

TB/HIV co-infection poses a formidable challenge. The added complications of age related immune differences affect the presentation and evaluation in children. Young immune immature children have a naturally increased risk of progression to active TB after primary M. tuberculosis infection, which is compounded by HIV co-infection. The pauci-bacillary nature of their disease and difficulties in obtaining good specimens from young children complicates diagnostic evaluations. A TB diagnosis in an HIV-infected child relies on a detailed exposure history, careful clinical assessment and use of all available evidence indicating TB infection and/or disease. However, once diagnosed children usually respond well to therapy, although drug-drug interactions, pill burdens, social circumstances and personal age-appropriate support must be considered in the care of these children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tonya Arscott-Mills & Andrew Steenhoff

  2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Global Health Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Tonya Arscott-Mills & Andrew Steenhoff

  3. The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Ben Marais

Authors
  1. Tonya Arscott-Mills
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  2. Ben Marais
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  3. Andrew Steenhoff
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Irini Sereti

  2. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Gregory P. Bisson

  3. Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Graeme Meintjes

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Arscott-Mills, T., Marais, B., Steenhoff, A. (2019). HIV and Tuberculosis in Children. In: Sereti, I., Bisson, G.P., Meintjes, G. (eds) HIV and Tuberculosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29108-2_12

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