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Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Bornyl Ester

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Horizons in Bioprocess Engineering

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Abstract

Caffeic acid bornyl ester (CABE) is a rare caffeic acid derivative and natural product with significant biological and pharmacological properties. Among the important properties are anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, ability to inhibit HIV integrase, ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer, and ability to treat leishmaniasis. CABE or also known as bornyl caffeate was initially extracted and isolated from plants. Afterward, several efforts were carried out to synthesize CABE using chemical extraction methods. However, the use of traditional chemical extraction and chemical synthesis method to produce CABE are uneconomical, inefficient, and toxic to human and environment. Enzymatic-catalyzed synthesis is a promising green reaction pathway for the synthesis of CABE and the most commonly used enzyme in the synthesis of ester is lipase. Lipases catalyze most of ester synthesis reactions such as esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions in nonaqueous solvents. The versatility of lipases reaction in nonaqueous media has made them among the most important and potential biocatalysts for various industrial applications. In this chapter, the literatures related to the topic are reviewed starting with the importance of natural products followed by the introduction of CABE potential as natural product and how it is currently being synthesized. Then, a brief outline of enzymatic-catalyzed synthesis as a promising alternative method is emphasized. Subsequently, lipase-catalyzed synthesis of CABE was developed based on several related studies highlighted followed by the study on the effect of reaction parameters and the reaction mechanism.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Sains Malaysia for funding the current study through the Research University Grant Scheme (1001/PJKIMIA/814226) and providing research facilities for the research project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Penang, Malaysia

    A. H. Kamaruddin, F. N. Gonawan & N. I. Basir

  2. Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Uniciti Alam Campus, Perlis, Malaysia

    N. N. Mohd Yusof

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  1. A. H. Kamaruddin
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  2. N. N. Mohd Yusof
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  3. F. N. Gonawan
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Correspondence to A. H. Kamaruddin .

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  1. SAGE, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

    Ravindra Pogaku

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Kamaruddin, A.H., Mohd Yusof, N.N., Gonawan, F.N., Basir, N.I. (2019). Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Caffeic Acid Bornyl Ester. In: Pogaku, R. (eds) Horizons in Bioprocess Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29069-6_2

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