Skip to main content

Congenital Neurologic Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx

Abstract

Congenital neurologic diseases that affect the larynx include a broad range of disorders. Children with laryngeal anomalies typically present with airway and/or swallowing difficulties in infancy and early childhood and then voice complaints in later childhood. The two most common laryngeal anomalies in infants both have a neurologic basis, namely, laryngomalacia and vocal fold motion disorders. Management of these disorders depends on severity and underlying etiology. Of utmost importance in these patients is establishing a safe airway.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ahmad SM, Soliman AMS. Congenital anomalies of the larynx. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2007;40:177–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Thompson DM. Abnormal sensorimotor integrative function of the larynx in congenital laryngomalacia: a new theory of etiology. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(Suppl):1–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mathews F, Shaffer AD, Georg MW, Ford MD, Jabbour N, Simons J. Laryngomalacia in patients with craniosynostosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2018;127(8):543–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Rutter MJ. Congenital laryngeal anomalies. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;80(6):533–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Froehlich P, Seid AB, Denoyelle F, Pransky SP, Kearns DB, Garadedian EN, et al. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;39(1):9–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Smith ME. Vocal fold paralysis in children. In: Sulica L, Blitzer A, editors. Vocal fold paralysis. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 225–35.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Jabbour J, Martin T, Beste D, Robey T. Pediatric vocal fold immobility: natural history and the need for long-term follow-up. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140(5):428–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Maturo SC, Braun N, Brown DJ, Chong PST, Kerschner JE, Hartnick CJ. Intraoperative laryngeal electromyography in children with vocal fold immobility. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;137(12):1251–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Parikh SR. Pediatric unilateral vocal fold immobility. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2004;37:203–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Alshammari J, Monnier Y, Monnier P. Clinically silent subdural hemorrhage causes bilateral vocal fold paralysis in newborn infant. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76:1533–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jabbour J, North LM, Bougie D, Robey T. Vocal fold immobility due to birth trauma: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;157(6):948–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. McMurray JS. Medical and surgical treatment of pediatric dysphonia. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2000;33(5):1111–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lapena JF, Berkowitz RG. Neuromuscular disorders presenting as congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001;110:952–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bailey CM. Congenital disorders of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. In: Grahm JM, Sadding GK, Bull PD, editors. Pediatric ENT. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 189–95.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Manaligod JM, Smith RJH. Familial laryngeal paralysis. Am J Med Genet. 1998;77:277–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Berkowitz RG, Bankier A, Moxham JP, Gardner RJ. Chromosomal abnormalities in idiopathic congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001;110(7):624–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jephson CG, Mills NA, Pitt MC, Beeson D, Aloysius A, Muntoni F, et al. Congenital stridor with feeding difficulty as a presenting symptom of Dok7 congenital myasthenic syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74:991–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Al-Shahoumi R, Brady LI, Schwartzentruber J, Tamopolsky MA. Two cases of congenital myasthenic syndrome with vocal cord paralysis. Neurology. 2015;84:1281–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lewis AF, Carron JD, Vedanarayanan V. Congenital bilateral vocal fold paralysis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2010;119(1):47–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lesnik M, Thierry B, Blanchard M, Glynn F, Denoyelle F, Couloigner V, et al. Idiopathic bilateral vocal cord paralysis in infants: case series and literature review. Laryngoscope. 2015;125:1724–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Nisa L, Holtz F, Sandu K. Paralyzed neonatal larynx in adduction: case series, systematic review and analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77:13–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Montague GL, Bly RA, Nadaraja GS, Conrad DE, Parikh SR, Chan DK. Endoscopic percutaneous suture lateralization for neonatal bilateral vocal fold immobility. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;108:120–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mishra A, Malandraki GA, Sheppard JJ, Gordon AM, Levy ES, Troche MS. Voluntary cough and clinical swallow function in children with spastic cerebral palsy and healthy controls. Dysphagia. 2019;34(2):145–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Miller CK. Aspiration and swallowing dysfunction in pediatric patients. ICAN. 2011;3(6):336–43.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lefton-Greif MA, Carroll JL, Loughlin GM. Long-term follow-up of oropharyngeal dysphagia in children without apparent risk factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006;41:1040–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kohda E, Hisazumi H, Hiramatsu K. Swallowing dysfunction and aspiration in neonates and infants. Acta Otolaryngol. 1994;114(Suppl 517):11–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sanchez K, Morgan AT, Slattery JM, Olsen JE, Lee KJ, Anderson PJ, et al. Neuropredictors of oromotor feeding impairment in 12-month-old children. Early Hum Dev. 2017;111:49–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Durvasula VSPB, Lawson BR, Bower CM, Richter GT. Supraglottoplasty outcomes in neurologically affected and syndromic children. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140(8):704–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wohl DL, Kilpatrick JK, Leshner RT, Shaia WT. Intraoperative pediatric laryngeal electromyography: experience and caveats with monopolar electrodes. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001;110:524–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li Y, Pearce EC, Mainthia R, Athavale SM, Dang J, Ashmead DH, et al. Comparison of ventilation and voice outcomes between unilateral laryngeal pacing and unilateral cordotomy for the treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2013;75(2):68–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Mueller AH. Laryngeal pacing for bilateral vocal fold immobility. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;19:439–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Marina MB, Marie JP, Birchall MA. Laryngeal reinnervation for bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;19:434–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Espinosa MC, Ongkasuwan J. Recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation: is this the standard of care for pediatric unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;26(6):431–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ongkasuwan J, Courey M. The role of botulinum toxin in the management of airway compromise due to bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;19:444–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. El-Hakim H. Injection of botulinum toxin into external laryngeal muscles in pediatric laryngeal paralysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008;117(8):614–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Boesch RP, Balakrishnan K, Acra S, Benscoter DT, Cofer SA, Collaco JM, et al. Structure and functions of the pediatric aerodigestive programs: a consensus statement. Pediatrics. 2018;141(3):e20171701. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Collaco JM, Aherrera AD, Au Yeung KJ, Lefton-Greif MA, Hoch J, Skinner ML. Interdisciplinary pediatric aerodigestive care and reduction in health care costs and burden. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;141(2):101–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthew T. Brigger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Marvin, K.M., Brigger, M.T. (2020). Congenital Neurologic Disease. In: Weissbrod, P., Francis, D. (eds) Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28852-5_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28852-5_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28851-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28852-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics