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Alzheimer’s Disease

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Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx

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Abstract

Dementia is associated with pathological changes in the brain structure and function that lead to cognitive decline, functional deficits, memory loss, and behavioral problems. While there are various subtypes of dementia, we focus our discussion on the effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common subtype, on communication and swallowing. Effective communication requires multiple cognitive and biologic processes, including intact semantic and episodic memory, executive function, speech, voice, and language. Given that AD is a neurodegenerative disease, all patients will experience one or more impairments in the areas necessary for communication as the disease progresses. Specific communication deficits experienced by persons with AD include difficulties with language functions (e.g., word retrieval issues), sound substitutions and decreased speech fluency, and abnormal voicing (dysphonia). Additionally, persons with AD often experience challenges with the eating process, involving issues with both self-feeding and swallowing (dysphagia). Adverse health consequences of feeding and swallow impairments include malnutrition, dehydration, decreased quality of life, and aspiration pneumonia. Various evidence-based treatment approaches available to address both communication and eating impairments in persons with AD are described. Early intervention by a speech–language pathologist as part of an interdisciplinary team is critical for the maintenance of communication and swallowing function into disease progression.

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Acknowledgment

This research was supported by NIH grants 1K23AG057805-01A1 (NRP) and the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, through the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), grant UL1TR002373 (NRP). The manuscript was partially prepared at William S. Middleton Veteran Affairs Hospital in Madison, WI, GRECC manuscript #003-2020. The views and content expressed in this chapter are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position, policy, or official views of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the US government, or the NIH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery & Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Nicole Rogus-Pulia

  2. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA

    Nicole Rogus-Pulia

  3. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Nicole Rogus-Pulia

  4. Brain Institute of Louisiana, Metairie, LA, USA

    Anne L. Foundas

  5. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Kimberly D. Mueller

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  1. Nicole Rogus-Pulia
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Correspondence to Nicole Rogus-Pulia .

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  1. Division of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Philip A. Weissbrod

  2. Division of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    David O. Francis

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Rogus-Pulia, N., Foundas, A.L., Mueller, K.D. (2020). Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Weissbrod, P., Francis, D. (eds) Neurologic and Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Larynx. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28852-5_15

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