Abstract
The evaluation of cognitive agent systems, which have been advocated as the next generation model for engineering complex, distributed systems, requires more benchmark environments that offer more features and involve controlling more units. One issue that needs to be addressed time and again is how to create a connector for interfacing cognitive agents with such richer environments. Cognitive agents use knowledge technologies for representing state, their actions and percepts, and for deciding what to do next. Issues such as choosing the right level of abstraction for percepts and action synchronization make it a challenge to design a cognitive agent connector for more complex environments. The leading principle for our design approach to connectors for cognitive agents is that each unit that can be controlled in an environment is mapped onto a single agent. We design a connector for the real-time strategy (RTS) game StarCraft and use it as a case study for establishing a design method for developing connectors for environments. StarCraft is particularly suitable to this end, as AI for an RTS game such as StarCraft requires the design of complicated strategies for coordinating hundreds of units that need to solve a range of challenges including handling both short-term as well as long-term goals. We draw several lessons from how our design evolved and from the use of our connector by over 500 students in two years. Our connector is the first implementation that provides full access for cognitive agents to StarCraft: Brood War.
An earlier version of this work was presented at the 2018 EMAS workshop [10].
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Notes
- 1.
There are actually four percept types, but we do not consider on-change-with-negation as this type will be removed in future versions of EIS due to compatibility issues with knowledge representation languages other than Prolog.
- 2.
For the full set of percepts and actions that are available, we refer to the StarCraft Connector Manual at https://github.com/eishub/Starcraft/blob/master/doc/Resources/StarCraftEnvironmentManual.pdf.
- 3.
Most tournaments allow bots to take more time for a limited amount of frames during a single match, but we disregard that here.
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Koeman, V.J., Griffioen, H.J., Plenge, D.C., Hindriks, K.V. (2019). Designing a Cognitive Agent Connector for Complex Environments: A Case Study with StarCraft. In: Weyns, D., Mascardi, V., Ricci, A. (eds) Engineering Multi-Agent Systems. EMAS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11375. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25693-7_16
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