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Contextualisation as a Determining Factor for Career Counselling Throughout the World

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International Handbook of Career Guidance

Abstract

This chapter aims to put into perspective multiple seemingly unrelated occurrences since the beginning of the twentieth century and demonstrate the need for contextualisation, decontextualization, recontextualisation, and co-contextualisation as determining factors for career counselling throughout the world. It begins by briefly examining occupational changes globally since the beginning of the twentieth century, presents a brief overview of how theoretical and conceptual frameworks have developed since the time of Parsons and others and have influenced career counselling, contextualises the interplay between the four different waves in psychology, career counselling, the global economy, and the four industrial revolutions since the beginning of the twentieth century, highlight the personality traits associated with helping models in career counselling and relates contextual challenges to career counselling-related issues and concepts. Against this background, the need to rethink, reshape and adapt career theory and practice continually and contextually is elaborated. The design of a career development policy framework is based on ‘best international practice’ is demonstrated by explicating the South African example. The practical contextualisation of career counselling-related theory and practice is subsequently elaborated and exemplified (qualitatively and quantitatively).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For convenience’s sake, the term ‘career counselling’ here refers also to ‘vocational guidance’ and ‘career education’. However, the differences between these terms are explained later in the chapter.

  2. 2.

    For the purposes of this chapter, ‘contextualisation’ refers also to decontextualisation, recontextualisation, and co-contextualisation.

  3. 3.

    The term ‘social contexts’ includes cultural, socioeconomic, and sociocultural contexts.

  4. 4.

    All time frames in this section date back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Tables 26.1, 26.2 and 26.3 are designed to help readers see the overall pattern; the ‘big’ picture.

  5. 5.

    This is an exploratory attempt at generalising. While one timeframe may, for instance, apply to Europe and North America, other frames may apply to Nigeria, China, India, and Russia. Such time frames also often intersect.

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  1. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

    Jacobus G. Maree

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Correspondence to Jacobus G. Maree .

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  1. Sydney, NSW, Australia

    James A. Athanasou

  2. College of Education University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Harsha N. Perera

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Maree, J.G. (2019). Contextualisation as a Determining Factor for Career Counselling Throughout the World. In: Athanasou, J.A., Perera, H.N. (eds) International Handbook of Career Guidance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25153-6_26

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