Abstract
On account of the relative ease of accessibility, the absence of valves, and lack of innervation, the early embryo circulation is a suitable model for addressing the question about the primacy of the central versus the peripheral circulation. In comparison to a horizontally placed animal, or a vertically oriented human circulatory system, embryonic and extra-embryonic circulations occur on a single plane, rendering the force of gravity almost negligible. Microsphere occlusion studies demonstrate the importance of blood flow in the morphogenesis of the heart chambers, valves, and overall morphology. Occlusion of the vitelline veins similarly impairs flow dynamics and adversely affects cardiac morphogenesis.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Hove JR, et al. Intracardiac fluid forces are an essential epigenetic factor for embryonic cardiogenesis. Nature. 2003;421(6919):172–7.
Orts LF, Puerta FJ, Sobrado PJ. The morphogenesis of the ventricular flow pathways in man. Arch Anat Histol Embryol. 1980;63:5–15.
Warren KS, et al. The genetic basis of cardiac function: dissection by zebrafish (Danio rerio) screens. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000;355(1399):939–44.
Chen JN, et al. Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. 1996;123(1):293–302.
Broekhuizen M, et al. Altered hemodynamics in chick embryos after extraembryonic venous obstruction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1999;13(6):437–45.
Hogers B, et al. Unilateral vitelline vein ligation alters intracardiac blood flow patterns and morphogenesis in the chick embryo. Circ Res. 1997;80(4):473–81.
Stekelenburg-de Vos S, et al. Acutely altered hemodynamics following venous obstruction in the early chick embryo. J Exp Biol. 2003;206(6):1051–7.
Ursem NTC, et al. Ventricular diastolic filling characteristics in stage-24 chick embryos after extra-embryonic venous obstruction. J Exp Biol. 2004;207(9):1487–90.
Wagman A, Hu N, Clark EB. Effect of changes in circulating blood volume on cardiac output and arterial and ventricular blood pressure in the stage 18, 24, and 29 chick embryo. Circ Res. 1990;67(1):187–92.
Houweling AC, et al. Developmental pattern of ANF gene expression reveals a strict localization of cardiac chamber formation in chicken. Anat Rec. 2002;266(2):93–102.
Toshimori H, et al. Chicken atrial natriuretic peptide (chANP) and its secretion. Cell Tissue Res. 1990;259(2):293–8.
Nakazawa M, et al. Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on hemodynamics of the stage 21 chick embryo. Pediatr Res. 1990;27(6):557–60.
Hu N, et al. Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on diastolic filling in the stage 21 chick embryo. Pediatr Res. 1995;37(4):465–8.
Bowers PN, Tinney JP, Keller BB. Nitroprusside selectively reduces ventricular preload in the stage 21 chick embryo. Cardiovasc Res. 1996;31(supp1):E132–8.
Li K, Sirois P, Rouleau J. Role of endothelial cells in cardiovascular function. Life Sci. 1994;54(9):579–92.
Yanagisawa M, et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988;332(6163):411–5.
Inoue A, et al. The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(8):2863.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Furst, B. (2020). Flow Perturbation Experiments. In: The Heart and Circulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25062-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25062-1_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25061-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25062-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)