Abstract
When the financial crisis hit, Portugal was in a vulnerable position due to high public and private sector debt. While struggling to maintain financial stability, in the first phase of the crisis the government focused on mitigating the impact of the crisis in terms of domestic demand. Nonetheless, the public debt spiral triggered by this response made a bailout necessary. Agreement on a rescue plan between the Portuguese government on the one hand, and the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, on the other, was reached in May 2011. While the socialist government (2008–2011) led by Sócrates had voiced concerns regarding the issue of democratic deficit and fiscal sovereignty, the positions of the conservative government led by Passos Coelho aligned with those of Germany. Traditionally a supporter of a supranational approach to European policy-making, throughout the 2010–2015 period Portugal was inclined to push for stronger political and financial integration, for instance preferring a European Stability Mechanism whose lending capacity exceed 500 billion Euros. Nonetheless, its weak position within the Council of the European Union substantially prevented Portugal from exerting a sufficient influence in this sense during the Eurozone crisis negotiations.
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Notes
- 1.
The only exception to this consensus is the Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Português, PCP), which has always criticized the process of European integration.
- 2.
The two new SGPs established cuts in public sector salaries and pensions, welfare benefits, and tax exemptions and privileges, as well as an increase in taxation and the acceleration of privatizations.
- 3.
- 4.
Público, 17 March 2010; Jornal de Negócios, 16 March 2010.
- 5.
Público, 24 March 2010.
- 6.
Most members of the government saw the Greek issue as a matter of principles (solidarity among member states) and long-term values and goals (belief in the European integration). However, there was a more pragmatic group that wanted to support Greece just for economic reasons.
- 7.
Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº32, 12 February 2010.
- 8.
Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº28, 29 January 2010.
- 9.
Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº46, 16 April 2010.
- 10.
Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº55, 7 May 2010.
- 11.
Pedro Passos Coelho won the party leadership in 2010 through a very contested elections, obtaining 61% of party members’ votes, while the challenger (Paulo Rangel) got 34%. Many historical leaders distanced themselves from the new course given the ‘neoliberal’ turn imposed to the party.
- 12.
See RTP, 16 December 2010. Socialist MPs also approved a vote, proposed by BE, praising the creation of European mechanisms for issuing public debt (Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie—Nº31—15 December 2010.
- 13.
See Público, 26 October 2010.
- 14.
See PSD electoral programme (PSD 2011: 6).
- 15.
See Observador, 22 April 2015.
- 16.
Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº18, 14 September 2011.
- 17.
Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº16, 31 October 2013.
- 18.
During the first visit of German Chancellor in Portugal during the bailout, Passo Coelho praised the aid of the member states, especially creditor countries, which helped the Portuguese economy to recover and to achieve more balanced results (see Diário de Notícias, 12 November 2012).
- 19.
See Público, 2 December 2011.
- 20.
Jornal de Negócios, 8 May 2014.
- 21.
Jornal de Notícias, 9 December 2011.
- 22.
Diário de Notícias, 5 June 2010.
- 23.
At the time, the PCP proposed to hold a referendum on the subject, but the matter was clearly unconstitutional because the constitution does not allow referendums on foreign policy, such as treaty-related issues (see art. 115). The PS was clearly against this idea.
- 24.
See Diário da Assembleia da República, Iª serie-Nº95, 12 April 2012.
- 25.
Público, 12 April 2012.
- 26.
Público, 4 April 2014.
- 27.
See Público, 28 September 2013.
- 28.
Público, 5 December 2016.
- 29.
See RTP, April 2018.
- 30.
Expresso, 8 July 2016, TVI24, 8 July 2016.
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Lisi, M., Ramalhete, V. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities Under Conditionality: Portugal. In: Morlino, L., Sottilotta, C. (eds) The Politics of the Eurozone Crisis in Southern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24471-2_8
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