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Basic Mechanism of Lignocellulose Mycodegradation

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Mycodegradation of Lignocelluloses

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

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Abstract

Lignocelluloses are highly composite polymeric material structurally and integrally composed with several repeating units of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These are abundant in nature particularly in wood, grass, agricultural, and forestry waste and have a potential of bioconversion into valuable metabolites. Sometimes, the vast amount of these lignocelluloses create big environmental issues when either thrown or burnt negligently. Thus, rather than throwing them uselessly in surrounding environment, they may be microbially processed for bioconversion into useful products. A broad group of microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and algae have versatile skill to degrade lignocelluloses by yielding a variety of valuable products. The fungi are known to be most potent because of their excellent enzymatic system and ability to degrade lignocellulosic materials. The synergistic action of multiple enzymes such as laccase, peroxidase, endoxylanase, endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-xylosidase, and β-glucosidases converts lignocellulosic complexes into monomer forms to avail nutrients towards fungal mycelia. These enzymes have distinct catalytic functions that attacks on the complex structure of lignocelluloses and consequently yields the simpler metabolites. In response, a variety of fungal species produce a cluster of metabolic products beneficial in human appliances. The present chapter summarizes the clear explanations focusing on the basic mechanism of lignocellulosic conversion into their monomeric forms. The present chapter mainly focus on various aspect of efficient biodegradation and bioconversion of lignocelluloses with a sustainable approach to proceed lignocellulose material into value added forms. The important multi events during the mycodegradation of lignocelluloses including hemicellulolysis, cellulolysis, and ligninolysis are elaborated in detail in separate sections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Roshan Lal Gautam, Shweta Singh, Simpal Kumari & R. Naraian

  2. Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Archana Gupta

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    R. Naraian

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Gautam, R.L., Singh, S., Kumari, S., Gupta, A., Naraian, R. (2019). Basic Mechanism of Lignocellulose Mycodegradation. In: Naraian, R. (eds) Mycodegradation of Lignocelluloses. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23834-6_1

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