Abstract
Let us consider a quantity f(t) that varies with time. Its change per unit time, i.e. the quotient \(\frac{\varDelta f}{\varDelta t}\), is called the average rate of change during the time period \(\varDelta t\).
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- 1.
Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834) was an English economist.
- 2.
Willard Libby (1908–1980), chemist and physicist from the U.S.A., was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1960 for his work on radiocarbon dating.
- 3.
There are also other effects, for example the so-called Suess effect, caused by industrialization.
- 4.
Example in [10].
- 5.
This problem is taken from [4], modified and converted into International Units (SI). With kind permission of the Springer Publishing Company.
- 6.
Josef Stefan was a mathematician and physicist of Slovenian mother tongue. His most significant scientific contribution was the Stefan–Boltzmann Law of Radiation.
- 7.
This derivation corresponds to the historical solution of Johann Bernoulli. In [7] the differential equation was deduced by Calculus of Variations, which in the mid-18th century was substantially enhanced by Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) and Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813).
- 8.
Bifurcation is dealt with in [1] Sect. 2.5 and bifurcation in the context of Symmetry Breaking is dealt with in [9] Sect. 6.1.
- 9.
According to the GRT, this assumption is incorrect, because the equation \(E=mc^2\) says that mass can be converted into radiation energy and vice versa.
- 10.
De Sitter (1872–1934) was an astronomer from the Netherlands.
- 11.
More on this in [4].
- 12.
Benjamin Gompertz (1779–1865) was born into a Jewish family and a self-educated mathematician. He was a British citizen who became a Fellow of the Royal Society.
- 13.
Application in electrical engineering.
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Fässler, A. (2019). First Order Applications. In: Fast Track to Differential Equations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23291-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23291-7_3
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