Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Resilience of Transboundary Water Governance Within the European Union: A Legal and Institutional Analysis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
European Water Law and Hydropolitics

Part of the book series: Water Governance - Concepts, Methods, and Practice ((WGCMP))

  • 686 Accesses

Abstract

The most commonly used legal/institutional indicators of hydropolitical resilience are water quantity management, water quality protection, cooperation over planned measures with transboundary impacts, variability management and interstate dispute settlement. The application of these indicators to all four layers of transboundary water governance within the EU reveals that despite the overall positive performance of the European regime in global comparison significant structural deficiencies can be identified. These shortcoming can turn into critical vulnerabilities should the prevailing hydrological conditions of transboundary cooperation continue to change as a consequence of increased climate variability. The most important gaps relate to the absence of water quantity management and water allocation mechanisms, the limited management of hydrological variability in a transboundary context and the inadequate mechanisms of co-riparian dispute settlement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Convention on the Law of Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses, New York, 21 May 1997.

  2. 2.

    SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses, Windhoek, 7 August 2000.

  3. 3.

    Tripartite Interim Agreement between the Republic of Mozambique and the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland for Co-Operation on the Protection and Sustainable Utilisation of the Water Resources of the Incomati and Maputo Watercourses, Johannesburg, 29 August 2002.

  4. 4.

    Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin, Chieng Rai, 5 April 1995.

  5. 5.

    Charter of Waters of the Senegal River, 28 May 2002.

  6. 6.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on Cooperation in the Field of Joint Management on Utilization and Protection of Water Resources from Interstate Sources, Statute of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia, Alma-Ata, 18 February 1992.

  7. 7.

    Treaty between the United States and Great Britain relating to Boundary Waters, and Questions Arising between the United States and Canada, Washington, 11 January 1909.

  8. 8.

    Treaty between the United States of America and Mexico relating to the utilization of the Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande, Washington, 2 March 1944.

  9. 9.

    Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga/Ganges water at Fakarra, New Delhi, 12 December 1996.

  10. 10.

    Indus Waters Treaty, Karachi, 19 September 1960.

  11. 11.

    C-36/98, Spain v. Council, ECR 2001, I-00779.

  12. 12.

    When the EU ratified the Danube Convention by Council Decision 97/825/EC, Article 1302(2) of the Treaty establishing the European Community (predecessor of the TFEU) called for unanimity vote for the adoption of any measures “concerning the management of water resources”. As the relevant Council decision had been approved by qualified majority Spain brought an action against the ratification before the Court alleging that it was adopted on an inappropriate legal basis. Spain’s plea was based on a broad interpretation of “water management” and of the objectives and content of the Convention. Notably: water management is to be construed to encompass all measures that are designed to administer and rationalise the use of water (para 10). As the Convention affects various aspects of water management, it could have only been ratified through unanimity in Council. The European Court of Justice however—in line with the arguments of the Council, the Commission, Portugal and France—concluded that the term “management of water resources” had to be construed narrowly, covering only measures “which regulate the quantitative aspects of the use of those resources […], not those concerning the improvement and the protection of the quality of those resources” (para 52). Thus the adequate procedure for the ratification of the Convention must be determined in view of the primary purpose and the content of the measure (para 58). When water quantity aspects appear only “incidentally” in a complex water-related legislation—such as in the case of the Danube Convention—the measure must be regarded as an “environmental protection” rather than “water management” instrument. Consequently, it can be adopted through the ordinary (co-)decision procedure, rather than by unanimity in Council (para 74).

  13. 13.

    Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy.

  14. 14.

    Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks. This directive is analysed in the context of variability management below, see Sect. 10.4.3.

  15. 15.

    Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and Lakes, Helsinki, 17 March 1992.

  16. 16.

    https://www.unece.org/environmental-policy/conventions/water/envwatermeetings/water/workshops-water-convention-and-protocol-on-water-and-health/2017/global-workshop-on-water-allocation/doc.html (accessed 12 February 2019).

  17. 17.

    “Most significant water allocation decisions may be best considered at the transboundary or basin-wide level—agriculture, energy, ecosystems, infrastructure. Indeed, sustainable water resources management may be claimed by upstream countries but downstream ones may have a different opinion regarding the meaning of “an equitable and reasonable manner,” a designation that should take into account a set of relevant factors and circumstances, such as the ones listed in article 5 of the UN Watercourses Convention (United Nations, 1997)”, Task Force on Water and Climate, Seventh meeting, Draft Collection of lessons learned and good practices on climate change adaptation in transboundary basins, 2014, section 7.7, p. 30, http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/documents/2014/WAT/10Oct_13-15_Geneva/7th_Task_Force/TFWC_2014_3_Collection_of_lessons_learned_and_good_practices_first_draft_rev.pdf (accessed 12 February 2019).

  18. 18.

    Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube, Sofia, 29 June 1994.

  19. 19.

    Convention on the Protection of the Rhine, Bern, 12 April 1999.

  20. 20.

    https://www.iksr.org/en/international-cooperation/about-us/organisation/working-group-floods-and-low-water-wg-h/ (accessed 12 February 2019).

  21. 21.

    Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin, Kranjska Gora, 3 December 2002.

  22. 22.

    Convention on the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe, Magdeburg, 8 October 1990, Convention on the International Commission for the Protection of the Oder, Wroclaw, 11 April 1996, International Agreement on the River Meuse, Gent, 3 December 2002.

  23. 23.

    Convention on the Co-operation for the Protection and the Sustainable Use of the Waters of the Luso-Spanish River Basins, Albufeira, 30 November 1998.

  24. 24.

    Protocol amending the Convention on Co-operation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Waters of Luso-Spanish River Basins signed 30 November 1998, 4 April 2008.

  25. 25.

    Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Spanish Government relating to Lake Lanoux, Madrid, 12 July 1958.

  26. 26.

    Lake Lanoux Arbitration (France v. Spain) (1957) 12 R.I.A.A. 281.

  27. 27.

    Agreement between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning Frontier Watercourses, Helsinki, 24 April 1964.

  28. 28.

    Vuoksi Agreement on Discharge Rule in Lake Saimaa and the Vuoksi River, 1989.

  29. 29.

    Agreement Regulating the Withdrawal of Water From Lake Constance, Bern, 30 April 1966.

  30. 30.

    Case Concerning the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia), Judgement, ICJ Reports 1997, 7, para 140.

  31. 31.

    Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin, Arusha, 29 November 2003.

  32. 32.

    International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC), Minute No. 242, Permanent and Definitive Solution to the International Problem of the Salinity of the Colorado River, 30 August 1973.

  33. 33.

    Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality, Ottawa, 22 November 1978.

  34. 34.

    https://www.iksr.org/en/international-cooperation/rhine-2020/salmon-2020/salmon-2000/ (accessed 12 February 2019).

  35. 35.

    Agreement between Finland and Sweden Concerning Transboundary Rivers, Stockholm, 11 November 2009.

  36. 36.

    Ethiopia diverts Blue Nile for controversial dam build, BBC, 28 May 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-22696623 (accessed 12 February 2019).

  37. 37.

    Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgement, ICJ Reports 2010, 14, para 204.

  38. 38.

    Procedures for Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement (PNPCA), adopted by the Council of the Mekong River Commission, 2003.

  39. 39.

    Statute of the River Uruguay, Salto, 26 February 1975.

  40. 40.

    Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment.

  41. 41.

    Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment.

  42. 42.

    Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 25 February 1991.

  43. 43.

    See e.g. Article 2.1, Treaty Between the Hungarian People’s Republic and the Republic of Austria Concerning the Regulation of Water Economy Questions in the Frontier Region, Vienna, 9 April 1956; Article 3, Agreement between the Government of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Government of the Polish People’s Republic Concerning the Use of the Water Resources in Frontier Water, Prague, 21 March 1958.

  44. 44.

    Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Economic Community, on the one hand, and the Republic of Austria, on the other, on cooperation on management of water resources in the Danube Basin, Regensburg, 1 December 1987.

  45. 45.

    Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks.

  46. 46.

    Protocol on Flood Protection to the Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin, Gradiška, 1 June 2010.

  47. 47.

    Convention between the Government of the Republic of Hungary and the Government of Ukraine on water management questions relating to frontier waters, Budapest, 11 November, 1997.

  48. 48.

    Exchange of Letters Constituting an Agreement between France and Spain Amending the Arrangement of 12 July 1958 relating to Lake Lanoux, 27 January 1970.

  49. 49.

    As information on individual infringement cases in the prejudicial phase of the procedure are disclosed by the European Commission only sporadically, this statement can be best corroborated by the general infringement statistics of the Commission and the case law of the European Court of Justice. These two sources do not identify a single case where the Commission voluntarily took over an explicit bilateral dispute between member states. Also see Sect. 8.3.5.

  50. 50.

    C-459/03, Commission v. Ireland, ECR 2006, I-04635.

  51. 51.

    The Rhine Chlorides Arbitration concerning the Auditing of Accounts (Netherlands-France), 12 March 2004, PCA Award Series 2008. Here, while the underlying treaty—the 1976 Convention on the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution by Chlorides—is concerned with a par excellence water pollution issue (thus subject to EU law), the actual dispute revolved around the correct interpretation of its 1991 Additional Protocol on the financial obligations of the riparian states. Therefore, it was recognised as a case that remained outside the remit of EU water law.

  52. 52.

    Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg relating to the Waters of the Sûre, Brussels, 17 March 1980.

References

  • Baranyai G (2015) The water convention and the European Union: the benefits of the convention for EU member states. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, pp 88–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Baranyai G, Bartus G (2016) Anatomy of a deadlock: a systemic analysis of why the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros dam dispute is still unresolved. Water Policy 18:39–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Belinskij A (2015) Cooperation between Finland and the Russian Federation. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, pp 310–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernardini F (2015) The normative and institutional evolution of the convention. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff, pp 32–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Boisson de Chazournes L (2013) Dispute settlement procedures and fresh water: multiplicity and diversity at stake. In: Boschiero N et al (eds) International courts and the development of international law. TCM Asser, The Hague, pp 109–120

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Canelas de Castro P (2009) Luso-Spanish Cooperation on the management of the waters of the shared rivers—a model within the European Model? In: Conference Paper, http://umir.umac.mo/jspui/bitstream/123456789/15128/1/4446_0_MEDITERRANEAN%20CONF%20-%20Luso-Spanish%20wATERManagement%20-MODEL%20within%20the%20Model-%2002022009.doc. Accessed 12 Feb 2019

  • Chatterjee I (2013) Evaluating international water treaty impacts & risks: The Albufeira Convention and the Spanish Experience, University of California at Riverside. https://economics.ucr.edu/seminars_colloquia/2013-14/applied_economics/I%20Chatterjee%20paper%20for%2011%206%2013%20seminar.pdf. Accessed 12 Feb 2019

  • COM (European Commission) (2003) Towards a Guidance on Establishment of the Intercalibration Network and the Process on the Intercalibration Exercise. CIS Guidance Document No 6, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (European Commission) (2009) River basin management in a changing climate. CIS guidance document No. 24, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (European Commission) (2012) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and The Committee of the Regions: a blueprint to safeguard Europe’s Water Resources. COM (2012) 0673 final

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (European Commission) (2015a) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: The Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive: actions towards the ‘good status’ of EU water and to reduce flood risks, COM (2015) 0120 final

    Google Scholar 

  • COM (European Commission) (2015b) Ecological flows in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. CIS guidance document No. 31, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Delli Priscoli, Jerome and Wolf, Aaron T. (2009) Managing and Transforming Water Conflicts. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • De Stefano L, Duncan J, Dinar S, Stahl K, Strzepek K, Wolf A (2012) Climate change and the institutional resilience of international river basins. J Peace Res 49(1):193–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinar S, Katz D, David, De Stefano L, Blankespoor B (2014) Climate change, conflict, and cooperation—global analysis of the resilience of International River Treaties to increased water variability. Policy Research Working Paper 6916, Washington D.C., The World Bank

    Google Scholar 

  • Drieschova A, Giordano M, Fischhendler I (2008) Governance mechanisms to address flow variability in water treaties. Glob Environ Change 18:285–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano M (2002) International River Basin Management: global principles and basin practice. Ph.D. Thesis, Corvallis, Oregon State University

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano M (2003) Managing the quality of international rivers: global principles and basin practice. Nat Resour J 43:111–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano M, Drieschova A, Duncan J, Sayama Y, De Stefano L, Wolf A (2014) A review of the evolution and state of transboundary freshwater treaties. Int Environ Agreements 14:245–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ILA (International Law Association) (1966) The Helsinki rules on the uses of the waters of international rivers, Helsinki Declaration, 14–20 August 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Jekel H (2015) Integrated water resources management as a tool to prevent or mitigate transboundary impact. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, pp 228–248

    Google Scholar 

  • ICPR (International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine) (2011) Study of scenarios for the discharge regime of the Rhine, Technical Report No. 188, Koblenz

    Google Scholar 

  • Keessen A, van Kempen J, van Rijswick H (2008) Transnational river basin management in Europe. Utrecht Law Rev 4:35–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolliopoulos A (2015) The UNECE model provisions on transboundary flood management. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, pp 367–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Komatina D, Grošelj S (2014) Transboundary water cooperation for sustainable development of the Sava River Basin. In: Milačič R et al (eds) The Sava River. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammers J (2014) The Helsinki Water Convention: a new implementation mechanism and committee. Environmental Policy and Law 44/1-2

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaffrey S (2015) The 1997 UN convention: compatibility and complementarity. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The unece convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff, pp 51–59

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaffrey S (2016) UN watercourses convention—implementation and relationship to the UNECE water convention. Environ Policy Law 46(1):35–39

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre O (2015) The principle of equitable and reasonable utilisation. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, pp 146–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosello B (2008) Water in Central Asia: a prospect of conflict or cooperation? J Public Int Affairs 19:151–174

    Google Scholar 

  • PAU (Pan American Union) (1933) Declaration on industrial and agricultural use of international rivers. In: Seventh international conference of American States, Final Act 113 at 114 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai S, Sharma N, Lohani A (2016) Transboundary water sharing: issues involved. Environ Policy Law 46(1):62–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichert G (2016) Transboundary water cooperation in Europe: a successful multidimensional regime?. Leiden, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Rieu-Clarke A, Moynihan R, Magsig B (2012) UN watercourses convention—user’s guide. University of Dundee, Dundee

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmeier S (2013) Governing international watercourses—River Basin Organizations and the sustainable governance of internationally shared rivers and lakes. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw M (2003) International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Szabó M (2008) The Mox Plant Case: the way towards Euro-chauvinism? In: Gy Bándi (ed) The impact of ECJ jurisprudence on environmental law. Budapest, Szent István Társulat, pp 143–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanzi A, Contartese C (2015) Dispute prevention, dispute settlement and implementation facilitation in international water law: the added value of the establishment of an implementation mechanism under the water convention. In: Tanzi A et al (eds) The UNECE convention on the protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international lakes—its contribution to International Water Cooperation. Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff, pp 319–329

    Google Scholar 

  • UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) (2006) Model provisions on transboundary flood management. ECE/MP.WAT/2006/4

    Google Scholar 

  • UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) (2009) Guidance on water and adaptation to climate change, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) (2011) Strengthening water management and transboundary Water Cooperation in Central Asia: the role of UNECE environmental conventions, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) (2013a) Guide to implementing the water convention, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) (2013b) Decision III/2 on the review of compliance with the Protocol. ECE/MP.EIA/23.Add.3-ECE/MP.EIA/SEA/7.Add.3

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) (2007) Compliance mechanisms under selected multilateral environmental agreements. Nairobi

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf A (1999) Criteria for equitable allocations: the heart of international water conflict. Nat Resour Forum 23:3–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf A, Stahl K, Macomber M (2003) Conflict and cooperation within international river basins: the importance of institutional capacity. Water Resour Update 125:31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Zikos D, Hagedorn K (2017) Competition for water resources from the European perspective. In: Ziolkowska J, Peterson J (eds) Competition for water resources experiences and management approaches in the US and Europe. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 19–35

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Treaties

  • Treaty between the United States and Great Britain relating to Boundary Waters, and Questions Arising between the United States and Canada, Washington, 11 Jan 1909

    Google Scholar 

  • Treaty between the United States of America and Mexico relating to the utilization of the Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande, Washington, 2 Mar 1944

    Google Scholar 

  • Charter of the United Nations, San Francisco, 26 June 1945

    Google Scholar 

  • Treaty Between the Hungarian People’s Republic and the Republic of Austria Concerning the Regulation of Water Economy Questions in the Frontier Region, Vienna, 9 April 1956

    Google Scholar 

  • Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Rome, 25 Mar 1957

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement between the Government of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Government of the Polish People’s Republic Concerning the Use of the Water Resources in Frontier Water, Prague, 21 Mar 1958

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Spanish Government relating to Lake Lanoux, Madrid, 12 July 1958

    Google Scholar 

  • Indus Waters Treaty, Karachi, 19 Sept 1960

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning Frontier Watercourses, Helsinki, 24 April 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement Regulating the Withdrawal of Water From Lake Constance, Bern, 30 April 1966

    Google Scholar 

  • Exchange of Letters Constituting an Agreement between France and Spain Amending the Arrangement of 12 July 1958 relating to Lake Lanoux, 27 Jan 1970

    Google Scholar 

  • International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC), Minute No. 242, Permanent and Definitive Solution to the International Problem of the Salinity of the Colorado River, 30 Aug 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Statute of the River Uruguay, Salto, 26 Feb 1975

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality, Ottawa, 22 Nov 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg relating to the Waters of the Sûre, Brussels, 17 Mar 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Economic Community, on the one hand, and the Republic of Austria, on the other, on cooperation on management of water resources in the Danube Basin, Regensburg, 1 Dec 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuoksi Agreement on Discharge Rule in Lake Saimaa and the Vuoksi River, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe, Magdeburg, 8 Oct 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 25 Feb 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on Cooperation in the Field of Joint Management on Utilization and Protection of Water Resources from Interstate Sources, Statute of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia, Alma-Ata, 18 Feb 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and Lakes, Helsinki, 17 Mar 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube, Sofia, 29 June 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin, Chieng Rai, 5 April 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on the International Commission for the Protection of the Oder, Wroclaw, 11 April 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga/Ganges water at Fakarra, New Delhi, 12 Dec 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on the Law of Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses, New York, 21 May 1997

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention between the Government of the Republic of Hungary and the Government of Ukraine on water management questions relating to frontier waters, Budapest, 11 Nov 1997

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on the Co-operation for the Protection and the Sustainable Use of the Waters of the Luso-Spanish River Basins, Albufeira, 30 Nov 1998

    Google Scholar 

  • Convention on the Protection of the Rhine, Bern, 12 April 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • Charter of Waters of the Senegal River, 28 May 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripartite Interim Agreement between the Republic of Mozambique and the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland for Co-Operation on the Protection and Sustainable Utilisation of the Water Resources of the Incomati and Maputo Watercourses, Johannesburg, 29 Aug 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin, Kranjska Gora, 3 Dec 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • International Agreement on the River Meuse, Gent, 3 Dec 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Procedures for Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement, adopted by the Council of the Mekong River Commission, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Kiev, 21 May 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin, Arusha, 29 Nov 2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Protocol amending the Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Waters of Luso-Spanish River Basins signed 30 November 1998, 4 April 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Agreement between Finland and Sweden Concerning Transboundary Rivers, Stockholm, 11 Nov 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Protocol on Flood Protection to the Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin, Gradiška, 1 June 2010

    Google Scholar 

EU Legal Acts

  • Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment

    Google Scholar 

  • Council Decision of 24 November 1997 concerning the conclusion of the Convention on cooperation for the protection and sustainable use of the river Danube (97/825/EC)

    Google Scholar 

  • Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy

    Google Scholar 

  • Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks

    Google Scholar 

  • Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment

    Google Scholar 

Cases

  • C-36/98, Spain v. Council, ECR 2001, I-00779

    Google Scholar 

  • C-459/03, Commission v. Ireland, ECR 2006, I-04635

    Google Scholar 

  • The Rhine Chlorides Arbitration concerning the Auditing of Accounts (Netherlands-France), 12 Mar 2004, PCA Award Series 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Judgement, ICJ Reports 2010, 14, para 204

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Water Science, University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary

    Gábor Baranyai

Authors
  1. Gábor Baranyai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gábor Baranyai .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Baranyai, G. (2020). The Resilience of Transboundary Water Governance Within the European Union: A Legal and Institutional Analysis. In: European Water Law and Hydropolitics. Water Governance - Concepts, Methods, and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22541-4_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation