Skip to main content

Viral Diseases

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Plant Pathology in the 21st Century ((ICPP,volume 9))

Abstract

Viruses cause many important plant diseases and are responsible for yield and quality losses in crops in all parts of the world. No curative methods are available for infected plants and the main control strategies are cultural practices including prophylactic measures to prevent virus arrival, installation and spread into the crop or use genetic resistance to limit disease damage. Factors driving viral emergence include genetic variability of plant viruses, changes in agricultural practices, exchanges of plant material and new introduction or increase in the population of insect vectors in the environnent of the crops. In this review, we briefly describe the most important viruses emerging in economically important vegetable greenhouse crops including pepper, tomato and cucurbit species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrahamian PE, Abou-Jawdah Y (2014) Whitefly-transmitted criniviruses of cucurbits: current status and future prospects. Virus Dis 25:26–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ainsworth GC (1935) Mosaic diseases of cucumber. Ann Appl Biol 22:55–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alabi OJ, Al Rwahnih M, Jifon JL, Gregg L, Crosby KM, Mirkov TE (2015) First report of pepper vein yellows virus infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) in the United States. Plant Dis 99:1656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alegbejo MD, Abo ME (2002) Ecology, epidemiology and control of Pepper Veinal Mottle Virus (PVMV), genus potyvirus, in West Africa. J Sustain Agric 20:5–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali A, Kobayashi M (2010) Seed transmission of cucumber mosaic virus in pepper. J Virol Methods 163:234–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amari K, Gonzalez-Ibeas D, Gomez P, Sempere RN, Sanchez-Pina MA, Aranda MA, Diaz-Pendon JA, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, Blanca J, Hernandez-Gallardo MD, Anastasio G (2008) Tomato torrado virus is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci and infects pepper and eggplant in addition to tomato. Plant Dis 92:1139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anandam RJ, Doraiswamy S (2002) Role of barrier crops in reducing the incidence of mosaic disease in chilli. J Plant Dis Protect 109:109–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson PK, Cunningham AA, Patel NG, Morales FJ, Epstein PR, Daszak P (2004) Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers. Trends Ecol Evol 19:535–544

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antignus Y (2007) The management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in greenhouses and the open field, a strategy of manipulation. In: Czosnek H (ed) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease. Springer, Netherlands, pp 263–278

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Antignus Y, Lachman O, Pearlsman M, Omer S, Yunis H, Messika Y, Uko O, Koren A (2003) Squash leaf curl geminivirus – a new illegal immigrant from the western hemisphere and a threat to cucurbit crops in Israel. Phytoparasitica 31:415

    Google Scholar 

  • Antignus Y, Lachman O, Pearlsman M, Maslenin L, Rosner A (2008) A new pathotype of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) overcomes the L4 resistance genotype of pepper cultivars. Plant Dis 92:1033–1037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aramburu J, Lavina A, Moriones E, Riudavets J, Arno J (1997) The proportion of viruliferous individuals in field populations of Frankliniella occidentalis: implications for tomato spotted wilt virus epidemics in tomato. Eur J Plant Pathol 103:623–629

    Google Scholar 

  • Avilla C, Collar JL, Duque M, Fereres A (1997a) Yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) inoculated with CMV and/or PVY at different time intervals. J Plant Dis Protect 104:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Avilla C, Collar JL, Duque M, Perez P, Fereres A (1997b) Impact of floating rowcovers on bell pepper yield and virus incidence. HortScience 32:882–883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa JC, Teixeira LDD, Rezende JAM (2010) First report on the susceptibility of sweet pepper crops to tomato chlorosis virus in Brazil. Plant Dis 94:374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boiteux LS (1995) Allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in Capsicum chinense. Theor Appl Genet 90:146–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent L (1976) Epidemiology and control of tomato mosaic virus. Annu Rev Phytopathol 14:75–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JK, Poulos BT (1990) Serrano Golden mosaic virus: a newly identified whitefly-transmitted geminivirus of pepper and tomato in the United States and Mexico. Plant Dis 74:720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JK, Idris AM, Alteri C, Stenger DC (2002) Emergence of a new cucurbit-infecting begomovirus species capable of forming viable reassortments with related viruses in the squash leaf curl virus cluster. Phytopathology 92:734–742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown J, Zerbini FM, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, Ramos-Sobrinho R, Silva J, Fiallo-Olive E, Briddon R, Hernandez-Zepeda C, Idris A, Malathi VG, Martin D, Rivera-Bustamante R, Ueda S, Varsani A (2015) Revision of Begomovirus taxonomy based on pairwise sequence comparisons. Arch Virol 160:1593–1619

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunt AA (1986) Tomato mosaic virus. In: Van Regenmortel MHV, Fraenkel-Conrat H (eds) The plant viruses: the rod-shaped plant viruses. Plenum Press, New York, pp 181–204

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brunt AA, Kenten RH, Phillips S (1978) Symptomatologically distinct strains of pepper veinal mottle viru from four (4) West African Solanaceous crops. Ann Appl Biol 88:115–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L (1996) Viruses of plants. Descriptions and lists from the VIDE database. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzkan N, Arpaci BB, Simon V, Fakhfakh H, Moury B (2013) High prevalence of poleroviruses in field-grown pepper in Turkey and Tunisia. Arch Virol 158:881–885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caranta C, Lefebvre V, Palloix A (1997a) Polygenic resistance of pepper to potyviruses consists of a combination of isolate-specific and broad-spectrum quantitative trait loci. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 10:872–878

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caranta C, Palloix A, Lefebvre V, Daubèze AM (1997b) QTLs for a component of partial resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in pepper: restriction of virus installation in host-cells. Theor Appl Genet 94:431–438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cherif C, Spire D (1983) Identification du virus de rabourgrissement buissoneux de la tomate (Tomato bushy stunt virus) en Tunisie sur tomate, piment et aubergine: quelques caractéristiques de la souche tunisiennes. Agronomie 3:701–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu MH, Lopez-Moya JJ, Llave-Correas C, Pirone TP (1997) Two separate regions in the genome of the tobacco etch virus contain determinants of the wilting response of Tabasco pepper. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 10:472–480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung BYW, Miller WA, Atkins JF, Firth AE (2008) An overlapping essential gene in the Potyviridae. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:5897–5902

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Collar JL, Avilla C, Fereres A (1997) New correlations between aphid stylet paths and non-persistent virus transmission. Environ Entomol 26:537–544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa TM, Blawid R, da Costa Junior AC, Lima MF, de Aragao FAS, de Andrade GP, Pio-Ribeiro G, Aranda MA, Inoue-Nagata AK, Nagata T (2017) Complete genome sequence of melon yellowing-associated virus from melon plants with the severe yellowing disease in Brazil. Arch Virol 162:3899–3901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crespo O, Janssen D, Garcia C, Ruiz L (2017) Biological and molecular diversity of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Spain. Plant Dis 101:977–984

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darzi E, Smith E, Shargil D, Lachman O, Ganot L, Dombrovsky A (2017) The honey bee Apis mellifera contributes to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus spread via pollination. Plant Pathol n/a

    Google Scholar 

  • Daughtrey ML, Jones RK, Moyer JW, Daub ME, Baker JR (1997) Tospoviruses strike the greenhouse industry: INSV has become a major pathogen on flower crops. Plant Dis 81:1220–1230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Barro PJ, Liu SS, Boykin LM, Dinsdale AB (2011) Bemisia tabaci: a statement of species status. Annu Rev Entomol 56:1–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dietzgen RG, Mann KS, Johnson KN (2016) Plant virus-insect vector interactions: current and potential future research directions. Viruses 8:303

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogimont C, Palloix A, Daubèze AM, Marchoux G, Gébré-Sélassié K, Pochard E (1996) Genetic analysis of broad spectrum resistance to potyviruses using doubled haploid lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Euphytica 88:231–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dombrovsky A, Glanz E, Pearlsman M, Lachman O, Antignus Y (2010) Characterization of pepper yellow leaf curl virus, a tentative new Polerovirus species causing a yellowing disease of pepper. Phytoparasitica 38:477–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dombrovsky A, Tran-Nguyen LTT, Jones RAC (2017) Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus: rapidly increasing global distribution, etiology, epidemiology, and management. Annu Rev Phytopathol 55:231–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong JH, Cheng XF, Yin YY, Fang Q, Ding M, Li TT, Zhang LZ, Su XX, McBeath JH, Zhang ZK (2008) Characterization of tomato zonate spot virus, a new tospovirus in China. Arch Virol 153:855–864

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffus JE (1960) Radish yellows, a disease of radish, sugar beet and other crops. Phytopathology 50:389–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy S, Holmes EC (2007) Multiple introductions of the old world begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus into the new world. Phytopathology 50:389–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwardson JR, Christie RG (1991) Cucumoviruses. In: CRC handbook of viruses infecting legumes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 293–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwardson JR, Christie RG (1997) Viruses infecting peppers and other solanaceous crops, vol 1. University of Florida, p 336

    Google Scholar 

  • Elena SF, Fraile A, Garcia-Arenal F (2014) Evolution and emergence of plant viruses. Adv Virus Res 88:161–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fajinmi AA (2011) Agro-ecological incidence and severity of pepper veinal mottle virus, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, on cultivated pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Nigeria. Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect 44:307–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fereres A (2000) Barrier crops as a cultural control measure of non-persistently transmitted aphid-borne viruses. Virus Res 71:221–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes F, de Albuquerque L, Britto Giordano L, Boiteux L, de Avila A, Inoue-Nagata A (2008) Diversity and prevalence of Brazilian bipartite begomovirus species associated to tomatoes. Virus Genes 36:251–258

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Florini DA, Zitter TA (1987) Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in peppers (C. annuum L.) in New York and associated yield losses. Phytopathology 77:652

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortes IM, Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J (2012) Tomato chlorosis virus in pepper: prevalence in commercial crops in southeastern Spain and symptomatology under experimental conditions. Plant Pathol 61:994–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallitelli D, Russo M (1987) Some properties of Moroccan pepper virus and tombusvirus Neckar. J Phytopathol 199:106–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Arenal F, McDonald BA (2003) An analysis of the durability of resistance to plant viruses. Phytopathology 93:941–952

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garzon-Tiznado JA, Torres-Pacheco I, Ascencio-Ibanez JT, Herrera-Estrella L, Rivera-Bustamante RF (1993) Inoculation of peppers with infectious clones of a new geminivirus by a biolistic procedure. Phytopathology 53:514–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genda Y, Kanda A, Hamada H, Sato K, Ohnishi J, Tsuda S (2007) Two amino acid substitutions in the coat protein of pepper mild mottle virus are responsible for overcoming the L4 gene-mediated resistance in Capsicum spp. Phytopathology 97:787–793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Genda Y, Sato K, Nunomura O, Hirabayashi T, Tsuda S (2011) Immunolocalization of pepper mild mottle virus in developing seeds and seedlings of Capsicum annuum. J Gen Plant Pathol 77:201–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geraud-Pouey F, Chirinos DT, Galindo-Castro I, Franco MA, Santana MA, Gillis A, Romay G (2016) Occurrence of six begomoviruses infecting tomato fields in Venezuela and genetic characterization of potato yellow mosaic virus isolates. J Phytopathol 164:697–703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • German TL, Ullman DE Moyer JW (1992) Tospoviruses: diagnosis, molecular biology, phylogeny and vector relationships. Annu Rev Phytopathol 30:315–348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez P, Sempere RN, Amari K, Gomez-Aix C, Aranda MA (2010) Epidemics of tomato torrado virus, pepino mosaic virus and tomato chlorosis virus in tomato crops: do mixed infections contribute to torrado disease epidemiology? Ann Appl Biol 156:401–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez P, Sempere R, Aranda M, Elena S (2012a) Phylodynamics of Pepino mosaic virus in Spain. Eur J Plant Pathol 134:445–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez P, Sempere R, Aranda MA (2012b) Pepino mosaic virus and tomato torrado virus: two emerging viruses affecting tomato crops in the Mediterranean basin. In: Loebenstein G, Lecoq H (eds) Viruses and virus diseases of vegetables in the Mediterranean basin. Advances in virus research. Academic, pp 505–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorsane F, Fekih-Hassen I, Gharsallah-Chouchene S, Nakhla MK, Maxwell DP, Marrakchi M, Fakhfakh H (2004). Typing of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus spreading on pepper in Tunisia. Proceedings of the XIIth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 17–19 May, 2004, p. 182

    Google Scholar 

  • Goto T, Iizuka N, Komochi S (1984) Selection and utilization of an attenuated isolate of pepper strain of tobacco mosaic virus. Phytopathol Soc Jpn 50:221228

    Google Scholar 

  • Gracia O, Feldman JM (1974) Tobacco streak virus in pepper. Phytopathol Z 80:313–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green SK, Kim JS (1991) Characteristics and control of viruses infecting peppers, a literature review. Tech Bull Asian Veg Res Dev Cent 18:60

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara K, Ichiki TU, Ogawa Y, Omura T, Tsuda S (2002) A single amino acid substitution in 126-kDa protein of pepper mild mottle virus associates with symptom attenuation in pepper; the complete nucleotide sequence of an attenuated strain, C-1421. Arch Virol 147:833–840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamada H, Takeuchi S, Kiba A, Tsuda S, Hikichi Y, Okuno T (2002) Amino acid changes in pepper mild mottle virus coat protein that affect L3 gene-mediated resistance in pepper. J Gen Plant Pathol 68:155–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanssen IM, Lapidot M (2012) Major tomato viruses in the Mediterranean Basin. Adv Virus Res 84:31–66

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanssen IM, Paeleman A, Vandewoestijne E, Van Bergen L, Bragard C, Lievens B, Vanachter ACRC, Thomma BPHJ (2009) Pepino mosaic virus isolates and differential symptomatology in tomato. Plant Pathol 58:450–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanssen IM, Lapidot M, Thomma BPHJ (2010) Emerging viral diseases of tomato crops. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 23:539–548

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatala Zseller I, Kiss EF (1999) Control of Frankliniella occidentalis and TSWV in capsicum crops in Hungary. EPPO Bulletin 29:63–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hidayat S, Opriana E, Manzila I, Sujiprihati S (2012) Occurrence of Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in Indonesia and response of Chili germplasms to ChiVMV infection. J ISSAAS 18:55–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooks CRR, Fereres A (2006) Protecting crops from non-persistently aphid-transmitted viruses: a review on the use of barrier plants as a management tool. Virus Res 120:1–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ichiki TU, Nagaoka EN, Hagiwara K, Sasaya T, Omura T (2009) A single residue in the 126-kDa protein of pepper mild mottle virus controls the severity of symptoms on infected green bell pepper plants. Arch Virol 154:489–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain RK, Bag S, Awasthi LP (2005) First report of natural infection of Capsicum annuum by tobacco streak virus in India. Plant Pathol 54:257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen D, Saez E, Segundo E, Martın G, Gil F, Cuadrado IM (2005) Capsicum annuum a new host of Parietaria mottle virus in Spain. Plant Pathol 54:567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janzac B, Fabre F, Palloix A, Moury B (2009) Phenotype and spectrum of action of the Pvr4 resistance in pepper against potyviruses, and selection for virulent variants. Plant Pathol 58:443–449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janzac B, Willemsen A, Cuevas JM, Glais L, Tribodet M, Verrier JL, Elena SF, Jacquot E (2015) Brazilian potato virus Y isolates identified as members of a new clade facilitate the reconstruction of evolutionary traits within this species. Plant Pathol 64:799–807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansen E, Edwards MC, Hampton RO (1994) Seed transmission of viruses: current perspectives. Annu Rev Phytopathol 32:363–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang WH, Hoang NH, Yang HB, Kwon JK, Jo SH, Seo JK, Kim KH, Choi D, Kang BC (2010) Molecular mapping and characterization of a single dominant gene controlling CMV resistance in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Theor Appl Genet 120:1587–1596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kassem MA, Sempere RN, Juarez M, Aranda MA, Truniger V (2007) Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus is prevalent in field-grown cucurbit crops of Southeastern Spain. Plant Dis 91:232–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenyon L, Kumar S, Tsai WS, Hughes JD (2014a) Virus diseases of peppers (Capsicum spp.) and their control. Adv Virus Res 90:297–354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenyon L, Tsai WS, Shih SL, Lee LM (2014b) Emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in East and Southeast Asia. Virus Res 186:104–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kil EJ, Park J, Choi HS, Kim CS, Lee S (2017) Seed transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in white soybean (Glycine max). Plant Pathol J 33:424–428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Knierim D, Tsai WS, Kenyon L (2013) Analysis of sequences from field samples reveals the presence of the recently described pepper vein yellows virus (genus Polerovirus) in six additional countries. Arch Virol 158:1337–1341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kwak HR, Kim MK, Nam M, Kim JS, Kim KH, Cha B, Choi HS (2013) Genetic compositions of Broad bean wilt virus 2 infecting red pepper in Korea. Plant Pathol J 29:274–284

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lal SB, Singh S (1988) Identification of some virus diseases of vegetable crops in Afghanistan. Plant Prot Bull (Faridabad) 36:83–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Lapidot M, Gelbart D, Gal-On A, Sela N, Anfoka G, Haj Ahmed F, Abou-Jawada Y, Sobh H, Mazyad H, Aboul-Ata AA, Kamal El-Attar A, Ali-Shtayeh M, Jamous R, Polston J, Duffy S (2014a) Frequent migration of introduced cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses among Middle Eastern countries. Virol J 11:181

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lapidot M, Legg JP, Wintermantel WM, Polston JE (2014b) Management of whitefly-transmitted viruses in open-field production systems. Adv Virus Res 90:147–206. Control of Plant Virus Diseases Seed-Propagated Crops. Academic Press, pp. 147–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lecoq H, Katis N (2014) Control of cucurbit viruses. Adv Virus Res 90:255–296

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefeuvre P, Moriones E (2015) Recombination as a motor of host switches and virus emergence: geminiviruses as case studies. Curr Opin Virol 10:14–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lefeuvre P, Martin DP, Harkins G, Lemey P, Gray AJA, Meredith S, Lakay F, Monjane A r, Lett JM, Varsani A, Heydarnejad J (2010) The spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus from the Middle East to the world. PLoS Pathog 6:e1001164

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li JX, Liu SS, Gu QS (2015) Transmission efficiency of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus via seeds, soil, pruning and irrigation water. J Phytopathol 164:300–309. n/a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu HW, Luo LX, Li JQ, Liu PF, Chen XY, Hao JJ (2014) Pollen and seed transmission of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in cucumber. Plant Pathol 63:72–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotos L, Olmos A, Orfanidou C, Efthimiou K, Avgelis A, Katis NI, Maliogka VI (2017) Insights into the etiology of polerovirus-induced pepper yellows disease. Phytopathology 107:1567–1576

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lozano G, Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J (2004) First report of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) as a natural host plant for tomato chlorosis virus. Plant Dis 88:224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luis-Arteaga M, Rodriguez-Cerezo E, Fraile A, Saez E, Garcia-Arenal F (1996) Different tomato bushy stunt virus strains that cause disease outbreaks in solanaceous crops in Spain. Phytopathology 86:533–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria N, Smith E, Reingold V, Bekelman I, Lapidot M, Levin I, Elad N, Tam Y, Sela N, Abu-Ras A, Ezra N, Haberman A, Yitzhak L, Lachman O, Dombrovsky A (2017) A new Israeli tobamovirus isolate infects tomato plants harboring tm-22 resistance genes. PLoS One 12:e0170429

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maisonneuve JC, Marrec C (1999) The potential of Chrysoperla lucasina for IPM programmes in greenhouses. In: van Lenteren JC (ed) OILB/SROP Bulletin, IOBC/WPRS Working Group ‘Integrated Control in Glasshouses’. Proceedings of the Meeting at Brest, France, 25–29 May, 1999, vol 22, pp 165–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandal B, Jain RK, Krishnareddy M, Krishna Kumar NK, Ravi KS, Pappu HR (2011) Emerging problems of Tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae) and their management in the Indian subcontinent. Plant Dis 96:468–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marchoux G, Douine L, Quiot JB (1976) Differential thermal behavior of various strains of cucumber mosaic virus. Hypothesis of a pleiotropic mechanism connecting various properties. C R Hebdomadaires Seances l’Académie Sci 283:1601–1604

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchoux G, Gognalons P, Gébré-Sélassié K (2008) Virus des solanacées Du génome viral à la protection des cultures. Editions Quae, Versailles. 858 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel W, Knierim D, Winter S, Hamacher J, Heupel M (2019) First report of tomato brown rugose fruit virus infecting tomato in Germany. New Dis Rep 39:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mink GI (1993) Pollen and seed transmitted viruses and viroids. Annu Rev Phytopathol 31:375–402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mochizuki T, Ohki ST (2012) Cucumber mosaic virus: viral genes as virulence determinants. Mol Plant Pathol 13:217–225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno-Perez MG, Pagan I, Aragon-Caballero L, Caceres F, Fraile A, Garcia-Arenal F (2014) Ecological and genetic determinants of Pepino mosaic virus emergence. J Virol 88:3359–3368

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morilla G, Janssen D, Garcia-Andres S, Moriones E, Cuadrado IM, Bejarano ER (2005) Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is a dead-end host for tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Phytopathology 95:1089–1097

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J (2000) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, an emerging virus complex causing epidemics worldwide. Virus Res 71:123–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J, Díaz-Pendón JA (2011) Emergence of begomovirus diseases. In: Caranta C, Aranda MA, Tepfer M, Lopez-Moya JJ (eds) Recent advances in plant virology. Caister Acad, Norfolk, pp 301–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriones E, Praveen S, Chakraborty S (2017) Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus: an emerging virus complex threatening vegetable and fiber crops. Viruses 9:264

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moury B (2010) A new lineage sheds light on the evolutionary history of potato virus Y. Mol Plant Pathol 11:161–168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moury B, Verdin E (2012) Viruses of pepper crops in the Mediterranean basin: a remarkable stasis. Adv Virus Res 84:127–162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moury B, Palloix A, Gébré-Sélassié K, Marchoux G (1997) Hypersensitive resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in three Capsicum chinense accessions is controlled by a single gene and is overcome by virulent strains. Euphytica 94:45–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami R, Nakashima N, Hinomoto N, Kawano S, Toyosato T (2011) The genome sequence of pepper vein yellows virus (family Luteoviridae, genus Polerovirus). Arch Virol 156:921–923

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nagaraju R, Reddy HR (1980) Occurrence and distribution of bell pepper viruses around Bangalore. Curr Res Univ Agric Sci Bangalore 10(9/10):155–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagata T, Alves DMT, Inoue-Nagata AK, Tian TY, Kitajima EW, Cardoso JE, de Avila AC (2005) A novel melon flexivirus transmitted by whitefly. Arch Virol 150:379–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Navas-Castillo J, Fiallo-Olivé E, Sanchez-Campos S (2011) Emerging virus diseases transmitted by whiteflies. Annu Rev Phytopathol 49:219–248

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palloix A, Daubèze AM, Lefebvre V, Caranta C, Moury B, Pflieger S, Gébré-Sélassié K, Marchoux G (1997) Construction de systemes de resistance aux maladies adaptes aux conditions de cultures chez le piment. CR Acad d’Agriculture Fr 83:87–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Palloix A, Ayme V, Moury B (2009) Durability of plant major resistance genes to pathogens depends on the genetic background, experimental evidence and consequences for breeding strategies. New Phytol 183:190–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palukaitis P, Garcıa-Arenal F (2003) Cucumoviruses. Adv Virus Res 62:241–323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palukaitis P, Roossinck MJ, Dietzgen RG, Francki RIB (1992) Cucumber mosaic virus. In: Maramorosch K, Murphy FA, Shatkin AJ (eds) Advances in virus research, pp 281–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappu HR, Jones RAC, Jain RK (2009) Global status of tospovirus epidemics in diverse cropping systems: successes achieved and challenges ahead. Virus Res 141:219–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parrella G, Gognalons P, Gébré-Sélassié K, Vovlas C, Marchoux G (2003) An update of the host range of tomato spotted wilt virus. J Plant Pathol 85:227–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Parrella G, Greco B, Troiano E (2016) Severe symptoms of mosaic and necrosis in bell pepper associated with Parietaria mottle virus in Italy. Plant Dis 100:1514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennazio S, Roggero P, Conti M (2001) A history of plant virology. Cross protection. New Microbiol 24:99–114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pernezny KL, Roberts PD, Murphy JF, Goldberg NP (2003) Compendium of pepper diseases. American Phytopathology Society Press, St Paul

    Google Scholar 

  • Polston JE, Cohen L, Sherwood TA, Ben-Joseph R, Lapidot M (2006) Capsicum species: symptomless hosts and reservoirs of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Phytopathology 96:447–452

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pospieszny H, Budziszewska M, Hasiów-Jaroszewska B, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A, Borodynko N (2010) Biological and molecular characterization of polish isolates of tomato torrado virus. J Phytopathol 158:56–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prins M, Goldbach R (1998) The emerging problem of tospovirus infection and nonconventional methods of control. Trends Microbiol 6:31–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quinones M, Fonseca D, Martinez Y, Accotto G (2002) First report of tomato yellow leaf curl virus infecting pepper plants in Cuba. Plant Dis 86:73–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quiot J-B, Devergne J-C, Marchoux G, Cardin L, Douine L (1979) Ecologie et epidemiologie du virus de la mosaıque du concombre dans le sud-est de la France. VI. Conservation de deux types de populations sauvages dans les plantes sauvages. Ann Phytopathologie 11:349–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Raccah B (1986) Non-persistent viruses: epidemiology and control. Adv Virus Res 31:387–429

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rast ATB, Stijger CCMM (1987) Disinfection of pepper seed infected with different strains of capsicum mosaic virus by trisodium phosphate and dry heat treatment. Plant Pathol 36:583–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reina J, Morilla G, Bejarano ER, Rodríguez MD, Janssen D (1999) First report of Capsicum annuum plants infected by tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Plant Dis 83:1176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, Maniloff J, Mayo MA, McGeoch DJ, Pringle CR, Wickner RB (2000) Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. In: van Regenmortel MHV, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, Maniloff J, Mayo MA, McGeoch DJ, Pringle CR, Wickner RB (eds) International committee on taxonomy of viruses, seventh report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Academic, San Diego, p 1162

    Google Scholar 

  • Reingold V, Lachman O, Blaosov E, Dombrovsky A (2015) Seed disinfection treatments do not sufficiently eliminate the infectivity of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucurbit seeds. Plant Pathol 64:245–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro SG, Ambrozevicius LP, de Avila AC, Bezerra IC, Calegario RF, Fernandes JJ, Lima MF, de Mello RN, Rocha H, Zerbini FM (2003) Distribution and genetic diversity of tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Brazil. Arch Virol 148:281–295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Lopez MJ, Garzo E, Bonani JP, Fereres A, Fernandez-Muñoz R, Moriones E (2011) Whitefly resistance traits derived from the wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium affect the preference and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci and reduce the spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Phytopathology 101:1191–1201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Ronde D, Butterbach P, Kormelink R (2014) Dominant resistance against plant viruses. Front Plant Sci 5:307

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Roossinck MJ, Zhang L, Hellwald K-H (1999) Rearrangements in the 59 nontranslated region and phylogenetic analyzes of cucumber mosaic virus RNA 3 indicate radial evolution of three subgroups. J Virol 73:6752–6758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffel S, Dussault M-H, Palloix A, Moury B, Bendahmane A, Robaglia C, Caranta C (2002) A natural recessive resistance gene against potato virus Y in pepper corresponds to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Plant J 32:1067–1075

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rusli ES, Hidayat SH, Suseno R, Tjahjono B (1999) Virus Gemini asal cabai: kisaran inang dan cara penularan. Bulletin HPT 11:26–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Saez C, Martinez C, Ferriol M, Manzano S, Velasco L, Jamilena M, Lopez C, Pico B (2016) Resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Cucurbita spp. Ann Appl Biol 169:91–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saez C, Esteras C, Martinez C, Ferriol M, Hillon NPS, Lopez C, Pico B (2017) Resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in melon is controlled by a major QTL located in chromosome 11. Plant Cell Rep 36:1571–1584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salati R, Nahkla MK, Rojas MR, Guzman P, Jaquez J, Maxwell D, Gilbertson RL (2002) Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the Dominican Republic: characterization of an infectious clone, virus monitoring in whiteflies and identification of reservoir hosts. Phytopathology 92:487–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salem N, Mansour A, Ciuffo M, Falk BW, Turina M (2016) A new tobamovirus infecting tomato crops in Jordan. Arch Virol 161:503–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scholthof KB, Adkins S, Czosnek H, Palukaitis P, Jacquot E, Hohn T, Hohn B, Saunders K, Candresse T, Ahlquist P, Hemenway C, Foster GD (2011) Top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 12:938–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shah H, Yasmin T, Fahim M, Hameed S, Haque MI (2009) Prevalence, occurrence and distribution of chilli veinal mottle virus in Pakistan. Pak J Bot 41:955–965

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivaprasad Y, Garrido P, Mendez K, Garrido A, Ramos L (2015) First report of potato yellowing virus infecting pepper in Ecuador. J Plant Pathol 97:S73

    Google Scholar 

  • Soler S, Diez MJ, Rosello S, Nuez F (1999) Movement and distribution of tomato spotted wilt virus in resistant and susceptible accessions of Capsicum spp. Can J Plant Pathol 21:317–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stenger DC, Duffus JE, Villalon B (1990) Biological and genomic properties of a geminivirus isolated from pepper. Phytopathology 80:704–709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens MR, Lamb EM, Rhoads DD (1995) Mapping the SW-5 locus for tomato spotted wilt virus-resistance in tomatoes using RAPD and RFLP analyses. Theor Appl Genet 90:451–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sufrin-Ringwald T, Lapidot M (2011) Characterization of a synergistic interaction between two cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses: squash leaf curl virus and watermelon chlorotic stunt virus. Phytopathology 101:281–289

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tahir M, Haider MS (2005) First report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infecting bitter gourd in Pakistan. Plant Pathol 54:807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thottappilly G (1992) Plant virus diseases of importance to African agriculture. J Phytopathol 134:265–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timmerman EL, D’Arcy CJ, Splittstroesser WE (1985) Beet western yellows virus in Illinois vegetable crops and weeds. Plant Dis 69:933

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson JA (1987) Epidemiology and control of virus diseases of vegetables. Ann Appl Biol 110:661–681

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trisno J, Hidayat SH, Habazar T, Manti I, Jamsari (2009) Detection and sequence diversity of begomovirus associated with yellow leaf curl disease of pepper (Capsicum annuum ) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Microbiol Indones 3:56–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda S, Kirita M, Watanabe Y (1998) Characterization of a pepper mild mottle tobamovirus strain capable of overcoming the L3 gene-mediated resistance, distinct from the resistance-breaking Italian isolate. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 1:327–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turina M, Kormelink R, Resende RO (2016) Resistance to Tospoviruses in vegetable crops: epidemiological and molecular aspects. Annu Rev Phytopathol 54:347–371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tzanetakis IE, Martin RR, Wintermantel W (2013) Epidemiology of criniviruses, an emerging problem in world agriculture. Front Microbiol 4:119. (15 pp)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas JA, Hammond R, Hernandez E, Barboza N, Mora F, Ramırez P (2011) First report of tomato chlorosis virus infecting sweet pepper in Costa Rica. Plant Dis 95:1482

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verbeek M, van Bekkum PJ, Dullemans AM, van der Vlugt RAA (2014) Torradoviruses are transmitted in a semi-persistent and stylet-borne manner by three whitefly vectors. Virus Res 186:55–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villanueva F, Castillo P, Font MI, Alfaro-Fernandez A, Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J (2013) First report of pepper vein yellows virus infecting sweet pepper in Spain. Plant Dis 97:1261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Vlugt RAA, Verbeek M, Dullemans AM, Wintermantel WM, Cuellar WJ, Fox A, Thompson JR (2015) Torradoviruses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 53:485–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster CG, Frantz G, Reitz SR, Funderburk JE, Mellinger HC, McAvoy E, Turechek WW, Marshall SH, Tantiwanich Y, McGrath MT, Daughtrey ML, Adkins S (2014) Emergence of groundnut ringspot virus and tomato chlorotic spot virus in vegetables in Florida and the southeastern United States. Phytopathology 105:388–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wintermantel WM (2004) Emergence of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) transmitted criniviruses as threats to vegetable and fruit production in North America. APSnet Feature Story

    Google Scholar 

  • Wintermantel WM (2010) Transmission efficiency and epidemiology of criniviruses. In: Stansly PA, Naranjo SE (eds) Bemisia: bionomics and management of a global pest. Springer, Netherlands, pp 319–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Wintermantel WM, Hladky LL (2013) Complete genome sequence and biological characterization of Moroccan pepper virus (MPV) and reclassification of lettuce necrotic stunt virus as MPV. Phytopathology 103:501–508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wisler GC, Li RH, Liu HY, Lowry DS, Duffus JE (1998) Tomato chlorosis virus: a new whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite Closterovirus of tomato. Phytopathology 88:402–409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon JY, Green SK, Tschanz AT, Tsou SCS, Chang LC (1989) Pepper improvement for the tropics, problems and the AVRDC approach. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, tomato and pepper production in the tropics. AVRDC, Shanhua, pp 86–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaidi SS-A, Martin DP, Amin I, Farooq M, Mansoor S (2016) Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus; a widespread bipartite begomovirus in the territory of monopartite begomoviruses. Mol Plant Pathol 18:901–911

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou C, Zhou Y (2012) Strategies for viral cross protection in plants. Methods Mol Biol 894:69–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric Verdin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Moriones, E., Verdin, E. (2020). Viral Diseases. In: Gullino, M., Albajes, R., Nicot, P. (eds) Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops. Plant Pathology in the 21st Century, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics