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Infections and Infestations

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Hair and Scalp Treatments

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Abstract

Infections and infestations of the hair are mainly caused by bacteria, fungi, and ectoparasites. Dermoscopy and optical microscopy are very useful tools to confirm the diagnosis and follow-up; other diagnostic tests can be used, including KOH, Gram stain procedure, or cultures. Topical pediculicides are the first-line treatment in pediculosis, but resistance to these drugs is common. Manual removal of lice and occlusive agents are other alternative options; oral therapy is occasionally required in refractory cases. Oral antifungals are the first-line therapy in tinea capitis; treatment election depends on the clinical form, age, and etiological agent. Griseofulvin, terbinafine, and itraconazole are the three main drugs used. Piedra and trichomycosis are hair shaft infections, in which oral and topical treatments have a low therapeutic response; complete resolution can be achieved by general hygiene measures such as shaving off all the affected hairs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National University of Mexico, Department of Onco-dermatology and Trichology Clinic, Mexico City, Mexico

    Daniel Asz-Sigall & Maria Abril Martinez-Velasco

  2. “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez” General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico

    Roberto Arenas

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  1. Daniel Asz-Sigall
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  2. Maria Abril Martinez-Velasco
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  3. Roberto Arenas
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fredric Brandt Endowed, Professor of Dermatology, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Antonella Tosti

  2. Dermatoncology & Trichology Clinic, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Daniel Asz-Sigall

  3. Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa da Misericordia, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

    Rodrigo Pirmez

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Asz-Sigall, D., Martinez-Velasco, M.A., Arenas, R. (2020). Infections and Infestations. In: Tosti, A., Asz-Sigall, D., Pirmez, R. (eds) Hair and Scalp Treatments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21555-2_14

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