Abstract
Nasal polyps (NP) are benign, edematous masses growing into nasal cavity that could have multiple etiological factors. Basic etiological factor for polyp formation is chronic inflammatory change and thus stromal nasal and paranasal mucosa edema. All theories about NP formation try to explain the edema formation. Edema and mucosal inflammation may originate from trauma, bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, environmental irritants, or allergens. The prevalence of NP in the general population is unclear. It varies from 0.2% to 5.6%. Different diagnostic measurements and criteria may be responsible for this wide range. Additionally, age, gender, and such demographical factors affect the variability. Ethnic and genetic factors should also be taken into consideration. The prevalence of NP shows a wide range according to etiology. The most important data on the epidemiology of NP are obtained from NP etiology studies. For these reasons, in this chapter, epidemiological data are presented parallel to the etiological reasons and hypotheses of NP. There may be hereditary factors for NP but there is limited knowledge in this area. However, we have some evidence for genetic inheritance. Studies reported that up to 14% of patients with NP have a family history. A link has been indicated that NP and asthma have an association with HLA-A1B8 and HLA-A74 genes. The main hypotheses that lead to the development of NP will be discussed below with the current incidence and prevalence rates.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hedman J, Kaprio J, Poussa T, Nieminen MM. Prevalence of asthma, aspirin intolerance, nasal polyposis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:717–22.
Klossek JM, Neukirch F, Pribil C, Jankowski R, Serrano E, Chanal I, El Hasnaoui A. Prevalence of nasal polyposis in France: a cross-sectional, case-control study. Allergy. 2005;60:233–7.
Cingi C, Demirbas D, Ural A. Nasal polyposis: an overview of differential diagnosis and treatment. Recent Patents Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2011;5(3):241–52.
Johansson L, Akerlund A, Holmberg K, Melen I, Bende M. Prevalence of nasal polyps in adults: the Skovde population-based study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112:625–9.
Min YG, Jung HW, Kim HS, Park SK, Yoo KY. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1996;253:435–9.
Newton JR, Ah-See KW. A review of nasal polyposis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(2):507–12.
Stammberger H. Endoscopic endonasal surgery—concepts in treatment of recurring Rhinosinusitis. Part II. Surgical Technique Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986;94(2):147–56.
Greisner WA, Settipane GA. Hereditary factor for nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 95, 1(part 2):205.
Luxenburger W, Posch G, Berghold A. HLA patterns in patients with nasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;257:137–9.
Moloney JR, Oliver RTD. HLA antigens, nasal polyps and asthma. Clin Otolaryngol. 1980;5:183–9.
Settipane GA. Epidemiology of nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1996;17:231–6.
Drake-Lee A. Nasal polyps in identical twins. J Laryngol Otol. 1992;106:1084–5.
Rugina M, Serrano E, Klossek JM, Crampette L, Stoll D, Bebear JP, Perrahia M, Rouvier P, Peynegre R. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of nasal polyposis in France; the ORL group experience. Rhinology. 2002;40:75–9.
Lockey RF, Rucknagel DL, Vanselow NA. Familial occurrence of asthma, nasal polyps and aspirin intolerance. Ann Intern Med. 1973;78:57–63.
Ă–nerci TM, Ferguson BJ. Nasal polyposis. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2010.
Hadfield PJ, Rowe Jones JM, Mackay IS. The prevalence of nasal polyps in adults with cystic fibrosis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2000;25:19–22.
Stern RC, Boat TF, Wood RE, Matthews LW, Doershuk CF. Treatment and prognosis of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis. Am J Dis Child. 1982;136:1067–70.
Cepero R, Smith RJH, Catlin FI, Bressler KL, Furuta GT, Shandera KC. Cystic fibrosis–an otolaryngologic perspective. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987;97:356–60.
Atzellus BA. Disorders of ciliary motility. Hosp Pract. 1986;21:73–80.
Rossman CM, Lee RM, Forrest JB, Newhouse MT. Nasal ciliary ultrastructure and function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia compared with that in normal subjects and in subjects with various respiratory diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129:161–7.
Sturgess JM, Thompson MW, Czegledy-Nagy E. Genetic aspects of immotile cilia syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1986;25(1):149–60.
MacKay ON. Antibiotic treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis. Am J Rhinol. 1987;1:83–5.
Taccetti G, Campana S, Neri AS. Antibiotic therapy against pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. J Chemother. 2008;20(2):166–9.
Handelsman DJ, Conway AJ, Boylan LM. Young’s syndrome. Obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infections. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(1):3–9.
Schanker HM, Rajfer J, Saxon A. Recurrent respiratory disease, azoospermia, and nasal polyposis. A syndrome that mimics cystic fibrosis and immotile cilia syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1985;145(12):2201–3.
Larsen K, Tos M. The estimated incidence of symptomatic nasal polyps. Acta Otolaryngol. 2002;122:179–82,6.
Drake-Lee AB, Lowe D, Swanston A, Grace A. Clinical profile and recurrence of nasal polyps. J Laryngol Otol. 1984;98:783–93.
Hulse KE, Stevens W, Tan BK, Schleimer RP. Pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45:328–46.
Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J. EP3OS 2007: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists. Rhinology. 2007;45:97–101.
Settipane GA, Chafee FH. Nasal polyps in asthma and rhinitis: a review of 6,037 patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1977;59:17–21.
Grigoreas C, Vourdas D, Petalas K. Nasal polyps in patients with rhinitis and asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2002;23:169–74.
Bonfils P, Malinvaud D. Influence of allergy in patients with nasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Acta Otolaryngol. 2008;128:186–92.
Sin A, Terzioglu E, Kokuludag A, Veral A, Sebik F, Karci B, Kabakci T. Allergy as an etiologic factor in nasal polyposis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1997;7:234–7.
Pastorello EA, Incorvaia C, Riario-Sforza GG, Codecasa L, Menghisi V, Bianchi C. Importance of allergic etiology in nasal polyposis. Allergy Proc. 1994;15:151–5.
Kule ZA, Deveci HS, Kule M, Habesoglu TE, Somay A, Gursel AO. The correlation of clinical measures with the histopathological findings in nasal polyposis. ENT Updates. 2015;5(1):1–8.
Shatkin JS, Delsupehe KG, Thisted RA, Corey JP. Mucosal allergy in the absence of systemic allergy in nasal polyposis and rhinitis: a meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;111:553–6.
Han DH, Kim SW, Cho SH, Kim DY, Lee CH, Kim SS, Rhee CS. Predictors of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Allergy. 2009;64:118–22.
Samter M, Beers RF. Intolerance to aspirin. Clinical studies and consideration of its pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med. 1968;68:975–83.
Bachert C, Patou J, Van Cauwenberge P. The role of sinus disease in asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6:29–36.
Batra PS, Kern RC, Tripathi A. Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps and asthma. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(10):1703–6.
Kim JE, Kountakis SE. The prevalence of Samter’s triad in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Ear Nose Throat J. 2007;86(7):396–9.
Safirstein BH. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. Chest. 1976;70:788–90.
Corey JP. Allergic fungal sinusitis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1992;25:225–30.
Wise SK, Ghegan MD, Gorham E. Socioeconomic factors in the diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;138:38–42.
Manning SC, Holman M. Further evidence for allergic pathophysiology in allergic fungal sinusitis. Laryngoscope. 1998;108:1485–96.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Esen, E., Selçuk, A., Passali, D. (2020). Epidemiology of Nasal Polyposis. In: Cingi, C., Bayar Muluk, N. (eds) All Around the Nose. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21216-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21217-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)