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Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescence and Young Adulthood pp 69–86Cite as

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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Abstract

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection of the female upper genital tract typically due to sexual transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis. Other microbes can be involved as well that are from the vagino-cervical endogenous flora. Approximately one million PID cases are diagnosed each year in the United States with about one-third occurring in adolescents. Complications include chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The known risk factors (i.e., age, coital patterns, immunopathology, others) as well as current issues of diagnosis and management are considered. Improved outcomes can be seen if clinicians have a low index of suspicion for PID, provide regular chlamydia screening in sexually active adolescent females, carefully follow up-to-date management protocols from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and emphasize comprehensive sexuality education that include regular use of condoms with coital behavior. Other principles of prevention are also reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA

    Donald E. Greydanus

  2. Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA

    Kevin W. Cates & Nina Sadigh

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  1. Donald E. Greydanus
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  2. Kevin W. Cates
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  3. Nina Sadigh
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Correspondence to Donald E. Greydanus .

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  1. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Sophia A. Hussen

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Greydanus, D.E., Cates, K.W., Sadigh, N. (2020). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. In: Hussen, S. (eds) Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20491-4_6

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