Abstract
This chapter examines chemical reactions more generally than the previous chapters. In Chap. 23 the focus has been on the combustion of fossil fuels and the lower/upper heating value has been introduced to handle a chemical decomposition energetically. However, this method used to be rather impractical, since the oxidisation has to be split into several parts and a distinction has been required whether condensation occurs. Now, a more straightforward method is preferred by introducing the so-called absolute specific enthalpy/entropy. In doing so, the specific enthalpy does not only imply a caloric effect, as it has been done in part I and II, but it includes the specific chemical bonded energy as well.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The ratio \(\frac{79}{21}\) is the molar ratio of atmospheric air \(\frac{ x_{\text {N}_{2},\text {Air}} }{ x_{\text {O}_{2},\text {Air}} }\). Thus, it shows how much more nitrogen compared to oxygen is in the combustion air.
- 2.
Though the absolute specific enthalpy is a specific state value, a capital letter \(H_{\text {m}}\) is used instead of \(h_{\text {M}}\), to emphasise that the absolute specific enthalpy is meant. The same counts for the absolute specific entropy \(S_{\text {m}}\).
- 3.
Changes of kinetic/potential energies shall be ignored!
- 4.
Kinetic/potential energies ignored!
- 5.
Kinetic/potential energies ignored!
- 6.
In case kinetic/potential energies are counted as well!
- 7.
Hence, it is no static equilibrium. In a static equilibrium it would obey \(\text {d}n_{i}=0\).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schmidt, A. (2019). Chemical Reactions. In: Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20397-9_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20397-9_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20396-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20397-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)