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Therapeutic Options for Metastatic Breast Cancer

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Book cover Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1152))

Abstract

Metastatic breast cancer is the most common cancer in women after skin cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 26%. Due to its high prevalence, it is important to develop therapies that go beyond those that just provide palliation of symptoms. Currently, there are several types of therapies available to help treat breast cancer including: hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy, with each one depending on both the location of metastases and morphological characteristics. Although technological and scientific advancements continue to pave the way for improved therapies that adopt a targeted and personalized approach, the fact remains that the outcomes of current first-line therapies have not significantly improved over the last decade. In this chapter, we review the current understanding of the pathology of metastatic breast cancer before thoroughly discussing local and systemic therapies that are administered to patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. In addition, our review will also elaborate on the genetic profile that is characteristic of breast cancer as well as the local tumor microenvironment that shapes and promotes tumor growth and cancer progression. Lastly, we will present promising novel therapies being developed for the treatment of this disease.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Palbociclib is a selective inhibitor applied to HER2-negative and ER-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. It was recently approved to be administered as a treatment option when given alongside aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, and has shown to be efficacious, particularly for patients who had previously received endocrine therapy [68, 69].

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by grants to MR Szewczuk from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), a private sector cancer funding from the Josefowitz Family and Encyt Technologies, Inc. to MR Szewczuk.

M Sambi is a recipient of the Queen’s Graduate Award (QGA). B Qorri is a recipient of the QGA and the 2017 Terry Fox Research Institute Transdisciplinary Training Program in Cancer Research. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Author Contributions

All authors contributed equally toward drafting and critically revising the paper and agree to be equally accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Author notes

  1. Manpreet Sambi and Bessi Qorri contributed equally as first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada

    Manpreet Sambi, Bessi Qorri & Myron R. Szewczuk

  2. Encyt Technologies Inc., Membertou, NS, Canada

    William Harless

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  1. Manpreet Sambi
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  2. Bessi Qorri
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  3. William Harless
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  4. Myron R. Szewczuk
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Correspondence to Myron R. Szewczuk .

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  1. Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA

    Aamir Ahmad

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Sambi, M., Qorri, B., Harless, W., Szewczuk, M.R. (2019). Therapeutic Options for Metastatic Breast Cancer. In: Ahmad, A. (eds) Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1152. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_8

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