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Soil, Plant and Atmosphere pp 179–202Cite as

Soil Water as a Nutrient Solution

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Abstract

The soil solution is first presented at equilibrium, introducing the concepts of Gibbs free energy, ion activity, activity coefficients, activity of ionic solutions and ionic strength. The Donnan theory for colloids in suspension and the double ionic layer of clay minerals in soils are very well described, to introduce the concepts of cation exchange capacity and anion exchange capacity. The dynamics of nutrients is presented by diffusion (Fick’s law) and mass flow as a result of plant transpiration. Differential equations are developed using the continuity equation applied for ionic species, to describe ion space and time distributions in the soil. As examples some practical problems are discussed and solved. At the end an introduction to miscible displacement of ions in soils is presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura and Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiróz”, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Klaus Reichardt

  2. Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Luís Carlos Timm

Authors
  1. Klaus Reichardt
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  2. Luís Carlos Timm
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Reichardt, K., Timm, L.C. (2020). Soil Water as a Nutrient Solution. In: Soil, Plant and Atmosphere. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19322-5_8

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