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Echocardiography

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Book cover Cardiovascular Hemodynamics

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

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Abstract

In addition to being a favored diagnostic tool for structure and function, echocardiography is the noninvasive alternative to cardiac catheterization for the assessment of various hemodynamic parameters, including intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, vascular resistance, shunt fraction, and valvular lesions. An understanding of Doppler physics, the Bernoulli equation, imaging technique, and limitations of echocardiography are critical for its successful application. This chapter begins with a review of the basic principles of physics relevant to echocardiography. Using these principles, we demonstrate how to estimate intracardiac pressures, following the traveled path of the Swan–Ganz catheter: right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery wedge. Thereafter, we will apply fundamental concepts including the Doppler equation, Bernoulli principle, continuity equation, PISA, and other principles to assess specific valve lesions. Cases will be presented to reinforce concepts discussed in the text.

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  • Hatle L, Angelsen B. Doppler ultrasound in cardiology: physical principles and clinical applications. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1985. p. 331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA, Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2002;15(2):167–84.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Omeed Zardkoohi

  2. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Richard A. Grimm

Authors
  1. Omeed Zardkoohi
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  2. Richard A. Grimm
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Correspondence to Omeed Zardkoohi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Premier Health Advocates, Beachwood, OH, USA

    Arman T. Askari

  2. Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA

    Adrian W. Messerli

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Zardkoohi, O., Grimm, R.A. (2019). Echocardiography. In: Askari, A., Messerli, A. (eds) Cardiovascular Hemodynamics. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19131-3_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19131-3_11

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19130-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19131-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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