Abstract
Outpatient spine surgery has grown dramatically over the last decade because of significant clinical and economic advantages to patients, physicians, and the healthcare industry. Improving technology, increased patient and physician satisfaction, as well as a desire to control healthcare costs are key drivers of this growth. Patients prefer outpatient procedures because of the increased convenience and quality of care. Physicians benefit from the efficiencies of the outpatient setting and potential profit from ownership. The healthcare market continues to evolve because of ambulatory surgery centers providing a disruptive innovation to the existing industry structure. Shifting site of surgery to the outpatient setting leads to an overall decentralization of heathcare and significant cost saving opportunities. The trend toward moving spine surgery to the outpatient setting will continue as patients and physicians become more comfortable with the process and evidence continues to show excellent outcomes, low complications, and economic efficiencies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Orszag PR, Ellis P. The challenge of rising health care costs—a view from the Congressional Budget Office. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(18):1793–5.
Orszag PR, Ellis P. Addressing rising health care costs—a view from the Congressional Budget Office. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(19):1885–7.
Martin BI, et al. Trends in health care expenditures, utilization, and health status among US adults with spine problems, 1997–2006. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(19):2077–84.
Bodenheimer T. High and rising health care costs. Part 1: seeking an explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(10):847–54.
Thorpe KE, Florence CS, Joski P. Which medical conditions account for the rise in health care spending? Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;Suppl Web Exclusives:W4–437–45.
Squires D, Anderson C. U.S. health care from a global perspective: spending, use of services, prices, and health in 13 countries. Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2015;15:1–15.
Leader S, Moon M. Medicare trends in ambulatory surgery. Health Aff (Millwood). 1989;8(1):158–70.
America Hospital Association. Trendwatch chartbook: trends affecting hospital and health systems; 2015.
Ambulatory Surgery Center Association. ASCs: a positive trend in health care; 2012.
Healio. With the growth of outpatient orthopedic spine surgery, more research is warranted. In Orthopedics Today; 2015. Healio.
Blue Cross Blue Shield. How consumers are saving with the shift to outpatient care; 2016.
An HS, Simpson JM, Stein R. Outpatient laminotomy and discectomy. J Spinal Disord. 1999;12(3):192–6.
Baird EO, et al. National trends in outpatient surgical treatment of degenerative cervical spine disease. Global Spine J. 2014;4(3):143–50.
Zahrawi F. Microlumbar discectomy. Is it safe as an outpatient procedure? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19(9):1070–4.
Stieber JR, et al. Anterior cervical decompression and fusion with plate fixation as an outpatient procedure. Spine J. 2005;5(5):503–7.
Erickson M, et al. Outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2007;36(8):429–32.
Silvers HR, et al. Day surgery for cervical microdiscectomy: is it safe and effective? J Spinal Disord. 1996;9(4):287–93.
Chin KR, Coombs AV, Seale JA. Feasibility and patient-reported outcomes after outpatient single-level instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion in a surgery center: preliminary results in 16 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(1):E36–42.
Emami A, et al. Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the outpatient setting. Orthopedics. 2016;39(6):e1218–22.
Chin KR, et al. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion in ambulatory surgery centers: patient selection and outcome measures compared with an inhospital cohort. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(8):686–92.
Frack B, Grabenstatter K, Williamson J. Ambulatory surgery centers: becoming big business: L.E.K. Consulting/Executive Insights; 2017.
Network, S.C. Hospital or ASC . . . What’s the difference? 2016.
Press-Ganey Associates. Outpatient pulse report; 2008.
Pugely AJ, et al. Outpatient surgery reduces short-term complications in lumbar discectomy: an analysis of 4310 patients from the ACS-NSQIP database. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(3):264–71.
Best NM, Sasso RC. Success and safety in outpatient microlumbar discectomy. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2006;19(5):334–7.
Ban D, et al. Safety of outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2016;21(1):34.
McClelland S, et al. Outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;34:166–8.
Adamson T, et al. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the outpatient ambulatory surgery setting compared with the inpatient hospital setting: analysis of 1000 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;24(6):878–84.
Fu MC, et al. Outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is associated with fewer short-term complications inOne-and two-level cases: a propensity-adjusted analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;42(14):1044–9.
McGirt MJ, et al. Quality analysis of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the outpatient versus inpatient setting: analysis of 7288 patients from the NSQIP database. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;39(6):E9.
Silva PS, et al. Learning curve and complications of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;35(2):E7.
Lee KH, et al. Learning curve of a complex surgical technique: minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF). J Spinal Disord Tech. 2014;27(7):E234–40.
Schneider JE, et al. The economics of specialty hospitals. Med Care Res Rev. 2008;65(5):531–53; discussion 554–63
Smith A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Dublin: Whitestone; 1776.
Eastaugh SR. Hospital costs and specialization: benefits of trimming product lines. J Health Care Finance. 2001;28(1):61–71.
Baird EO, et al. Ambulatory spine surgery: a survey study. Global Spine J. 2014;4(3):157–60.
Ambulatory Surgery Center Association. The ASC cost differential; 2016.
Ambulatory Surgery Center Association Healthcare Bluebook. Commercial insurance cost savings in ambulatory surgery centers; 2016.
Bekelis K, et al. Selection of patients for ambulatory lumbar discectomy: results from four US states. Spine J. 2014;14(9):1944–50.
Christensen C. The innovator’s dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press; 1997.
Hansen E, Bozic KJ. The impact of disruptive innovations in orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(10):2512–20.
Christensen CM, Bohmer R, Kenagy J. Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harv Bus Rev. 2000;78(5):102–12, 199.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendices
Quiz Questions
-
1.
Economic advantages of outpatient spine surgery include all of the following except:
-
(a)
Patients have lower copays and coinsurance payments.
-
(b)
Physicians can benefit from shared profits and increased control over their workplace.
-
(c)
The overall the cost of performing a surgical procedure in an ASC is about 53–55% of the cost of performing the same procedure in a hospital,
-
(d)
CMS uses the same measure of inflation, the consumer price index, when calculating reimbursement changes over time for ASCs and hospitals.
-
(a)
-
2.
The following is an example of a disruptive innovation in healthcare:
-
(a)
Locked plates compared to standard plates for treating fractures
-
(b)
Multiple antiretroviral drug treatment for HIV
-
(c)
Ambulatory surgery centers compared to large academic institutions for performing standard outpatient spine cases
-
(d)
Intraoperative navigation and robotics for pedicle screw placement
-
(a)
Answers
-
1.
d
-
2.
c
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Badlani, N.M., Lehr, J., Phillips, F.M. (2019). Clinical and Economic Advantages of Out-Patient Spine Surgery. In: Phillips, F., Lieberman, I., Polly Jr., D., Wang, M. (eds) Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19007-1_46
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19007-1_46
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19006-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19007-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)