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Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment pp 109–135Cite as

Silicon (Si)- and Zinc (Zn)-Solubilizing Microorganisms: Role in Sustainable Agriculture

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 55))

Abstract

Across the world today, loss of the health of the soil is a key constraint causing reduced soil productivity and fertility, and also influencing crop yield, all major threats to food security. Intensive use of land by farmers, without undertaking appropriate nutrient management practices, results in the removal of more nutrients from the soil, which is connected to the decline in the productivity of crops. Plants need various nutrients in different ratios for their growth and development. The plants obtain these essential nutrients from soil, water, and air. Some of these nutrients are required in large amounts, whereas others are necessary in only small quantities for vegetative and reproductive growth of crop plants. As per recent speculation, reduced yield is mainly associated with reduction in the appropriate supply of nitrogen (N) by the soil, although total available N remains unaffected. In rice, silicon-solubilizing microorganisms have been noticed recently as more important for their role in the solubilization and mobilization of silicate minerals, rendering K (potassium) silicate and making potassium and silicon easily available to crop plants. Major causes of zinc deficiency in India are intensifying cultivation, unbalanced supply of nutrients, generally without zinc (Zn), and the predominance of lands with low organic matter content, calcareous nature, and high pH. Alternately, numerous microorganisms, especially those allied with roots, may increase the growth and productivity of plants. In the recent few years the use of Zn-solubilizing bacteria (ZSBs) as bio-fertilizers has acquired momentum, and bacteria are significant in improving soil nutrient content and sustaining crop production. ZSBs have been proven to have great ability to enhance Zn availability in the rhizosphere and to improve Zn supply to crop plants. Many genetically modified strains (GMSs) may be able to mobilize/solubilize more plant nutrients from the root zone. Development of GMSs with improved solubilization/mobilization of nutrients through genetic engineering and DNA technology is necessary to maintain an environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture production system. Plant breeding strategies also appear to be a more reliable and cost-effective technique to enhance Zn content in plants. This chapter is mainly focused on silicon and zinc microorganisms, their role in the uptake mechanisms and solubilization activities in plants relative to nutrient dynamics, and the potential to apply this knowledge in managing a sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture system.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank our esteemed reviewers involved directly or indirectly for their substantial critical comments and suggestions to improve the quality of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. RVSKVV, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Narendra Kumawat & U. R. Khandkar

  2. College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Narendra Kumawat, U. R. Khandkar & R. K. Yadav

  3. Division of Crop Research, ICAR-RCER, Patna, Bihar, India

    Rakesh Kumar, Kirti Saurabh, J. S. Mishra & Hansraj Hans

  4. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (RVSKVV), Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

    R. K. Yadav

  5. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India

    M. L. Dotaniya

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  1. Narendra Kumawat
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Bhoopander Giri

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

  3. College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China

    Qiang-Sheng Wu

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Kumawat, N. et al. (2019). Silicon (Si)- and Zinc (Zn)-Solubilizing Microorganisms: Role in Sustainable Agriculture. In: Giri, B., Prasad, R., Wu, QS., Varma, A. (eds) Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment . Soil Biology, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18933-4_6

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