Abstract
This chapter addresses the outburst of research and applications that, since the early 1960s, has given rise to the transition from a set of varied and often independent subjects to an organic and unitary vision of the phenomena that revolve around the wind and its effects on men, buildings, territory and environment. This evolution is organised according to three successive phases. In the first phase, from 1963 to 1978, the study of wind actions and effects on structures determined an unprecedented aggregation of interests around wind modelling, bluff-body aerodynamics and wind-excited response of structures. In the second phase, from 1979 to 1998, the scientific community involved in wind and of its effects on structures felt the need to broaden its horizons and to give life to a new cultural aggregation called Wind Engineering. In the third phase, since 1999, a new transformation has been taking place according to which Wind Engineering, more and more often labelled as Wind Science and Engineering, shows a bursting development aiming to enlarge engineering boundaries towards a renewed vision that embraces most sectors of science and penetrates into society through scientific, technical and educational initiatives that are increasingly numerous, ramified and incisive.
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Notes
- 1.
The use of POD in fluid dynamics and turbulent flows originated from Lumley [105], who proposed an attractive definition of organized or coherent structures, the characteristic eddies, and a method to extract them from a stochastic turbulent field through a linear combination of the eigenfunctions of its two-point covariance tensor. In 1970, he published his fundamental contribution to POD [99]; even if partly masked by complex mathematical developments and notations, it contained most of the future advances made on POD in any context [106, 107].
- 2.
Armitt [108] pioneered the use of POD in bluff-body aerodynamics by investigating the full-scale pressure measurements of a cooling tower. Without any reference to Armitt, Lee [157] represented the covariance matrix of the circumferential pressure derived from wind tunnel tests on a two-dimensional square cylinder in uniform and turbulent flows in terms of POD modes.
- 3.
The list of the papers presented at 9th ICWE follows the index of the proceedings (1995). When the paper selected for the Special Issue (1997) is available, it replaces the one that appears in the proceedings. In some cases, the authors were not the same ones.
- 4.
The new IAWE By-Laws were made up of 19 articles: (1) Name; (2) Aim; (3) Language; (4) Membership; (5) Finances; (6) Regions; (7) Conferences and Conference Chairs; (8) President; (9) Regional Coordinators; (10) Regional Representatives; (11) Secretary General and Secretariat; (12) Executive Board; (13) General Assembly; (14) Regional Assemblies; (15) Committees; (16) Official Journal; (17) Official Web Site; (18) Amendments to the By-Laws; (19) Dissolution.
- 5.
The first issue of the IAWE website included nine points: (1) “About IAWE” provided the aims and a history of the association, the by-laws subsequently in force, the constitution deed, IAWE officers, the references of the Secretariat, the application forms for IAWE membership, a list of wind engineering conferences and chairmen; (2) “Members and Contacts” provided the references of member organisations, supporting members, and other contacts; (3) “Official Journal” provided a link to JWEIA; (4) “Committees” listed the initiatives under the IAWE umbrella; (5) “Next Conferences” reported the calendar, references and links to next meetings; (6) “Newsletters” was in progress; (7) “News & Information” contained announcements and reports; (8) “Links” listed journals, books, associations, projects, laboratories and research groups; (9) “Archives” gathered the superseded information.
- 6.
The Jack E. Cermak medal, established by the Engineering Mechanics Institute (EMI) and the Structural Engineering Institute of the ASCE, has been awarded to: A. Kareem, 2002; A. G. Davenport, 2003; Y. Tamura, 2004; G. Solari, 2006; P. Irwin , 2007; T. Stathopoulos, 2009; J. Paterka, 2010; N. Isyumov , 2012; W. H. Melbourne, 2013; K. C. Mehta, 2014; J. Hunt, 2015; Q. S. Li, 2016; X. Chen, 2017; H. J. Niemann, 2018.
- 7.
The Robert H. Scanlan medal, established by the EMI of the ASCE, has been awarded to: E. Simiu, 2003; J. E. Cermak, 2004; A. Kareem, 2005; M. Shinozuka, 2006; M. Matsumoto, 2007; N. P. Jones, 2008; G. Diana, 2009; H. F. Xiang, 2010; Y. Fujino , 2011; Y. L. Xu , 2012; Y. Tamura, 2016; G. Solari, 2017.
- 8.
The Otto Flachsbart medal, established by the WTG, has been awarded to: A. G. Davenport, 2000; J. E. Cermak, 2007; G. Solari, 2013.
- 9.
Four years later, the General Assembly held at the 14th ICWE in Porto Alegre resolved to simplify this terminology as “Davenport Chain”.
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Solari, G. (2019). Advancements in Wind Science and Engineering. In: Wind Science and Engineering. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18815-3_11
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