Abstract
The evolution of the radiata pine breeding strategy with very intensive selection was ongoing from 1952. In 1968, a new kind of selection of 600 trees was done in 12–17-year-old stands, at a much-reduced rate. OP progenies were planted to select the best parents ‘backwards’ for a future 1.5 generation orchard. This was the start of an existential fight between ‘backwards’ and ‘forwards’ selection. ‘Forwards’ selections from the better families were control-mated, but the resulting CP families were used only to identify their best parents. Breeders did not think in terms of forwards selection for the future breeding population. The genetic variance in the BP is reduced by BS, but not by within-family forwards selection. In the Development Plan of 1986, there was a realisation that within-family selection was valuable and that clonal selection of trees within the family would give high gain, but cloning seedlings was not yet operational. In spite of the Development Plan, there was a strong tendency to use backwards selection for creating breeding population crosses. The RPBC took over these trials in 2000, and responsibility for the radiata breeding population. The late Paul Jefferson fully understood the importance of backwards selection for seed orchards and forwards selection with cloning for the breeding population.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
I.J. Thulin 1957: Application of tree breeding to New Zealand forestry. NZ Forest Service Tech. Pap. 22 (1957)
C.J.A. Shelbourne 1969: Tree breeding methods. Technical Paper 55, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest Service, Wellington
41. C.J.A. Shelbourne and F.R.M. Cockrem 1969: Progeny and clonal test designs for New Zealand's tree breeding programme
R. 772. C.J.A. Shelbourne 1973: Problems and prospects in the improvement of forest tree species. Proc. 2Nd General Congress, SABRAO, New Delhi 1973. reprinted from Indian J. Genet., 34A 1974
R. 531. R.D. Burdon and C.J.A. Shelbourne 1971: Breeding populations for recurrent selection: conflicts and possible solutions. NZJFS 1(2):1174–193
R. 548 C.J.A. Shelbourne 1971: Planning breeding programs for tropical conifers grown as exotics. IUFRO (section 22) Gainesville, Fla. 1971. Symposium on “Selection and breeding to improve some tropical conifers”
R. 683 C.J.A. Shelbourne 1972: Genotype-environment interaction: its study and its implications in forest tree improvement. IUFRO Genetics-Sabrao Joint Symposia.Tokyo, October 1972
R. 1021. R.D. Burdon, C.J.A. Shelbourne and M.D. Wilcox 1977: Advanced selection strategies. Third World Consultation on Forest Tree Breeding, Canberra and Rotorua
R. 1089. R.D. Burdon 1977: Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype-environment interaction in forest tree breeding. Silvae Genetica 26(5–6):145–228
R. 1296. R.D. Burdon 1981: Generalisation of multi-trait selection indices using information from several sites. NZJFS 9(2): 145–152
R. 1518. R.D. Burdon 1982a: Selection indices using information from multiple sources for the single trait case. Silvae Genetica 31(2–3): 81–85
R. 1599. R.D. Burdon and G. Namkoong 1983: Short note: Multiple populations and sublines. Silvae Genetica 32(5–6):221–222
R. 1640. R.D. Burdon 1982b: Breeding for productivity- jackpot or will-o-the-wisp? Proc. North American Forest Biology Workshop, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ke., July 1982
R. 1736. G.B. Sweet, and R.D. Burdon 1983: The radiata pine monoculture: an examination of the ideologies. NZ J. For. 28(3): 325–26
D.V. Shaw and J.W. Hood 1985: Maximising gain per effort by using clonal replication in genetic tests. TAG 71:392–399
C.J.A. Shelbourne, R.D. Burdon, S.D. Carson, A. Firth and T.G. Vincent 1986: Development plan for radiata pine breeding. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand
R.D. Burdon 1986: Breeding long-lived perennials-frustration, temptations, opportunities. Plant Breeding Symposium DSIR 1986 Agron. Soc. NZ special pub. no. 5
R.D. Burdon 1989: Early selection in tree breeding: principles for applying index selection and inferring input parameters. Can. J. For. Res. 19: 499–504
C.J.A. Shelbourne 1992: Genetic gains from different kinds of breeding populations and seed or plant production populations. S. Afr. For. J. 160:49–6
R. 2453. M.J. Carson, T.G. Vincent and A. Firth 1992: Control-pollinated and meadow seed orchards of radiata pine. Mass Production Technology for Genetically Improved Fast growing Forest Tree Species. Bordeaux 14–18 Sept. 1992. AFOCEL Paris 1992
R. 2503 R.D. Burdon 1992: Testing and selection: strategies and tactics for the future. pp. 249–60 Proc. IUFRO Conf. Oct. 9-18 1992, Catagena and Cali, Colombia. Sponsored by CAMCORE
T.L. White, G.R. Hodge and G.L. Powell 1999: An advanced genetic improvement plan for slash pine in the southeastern United States. Silvae Genetica 42 (6): 359–370
R. 2992 R.D. Burdon 1995: New directions in tree breeding: some questions of what we should seek, and how to manage the genetic resource. CTIA/WFGA meeeting, Victoria, BC August 1995
R. 2659. L.D. Gea, D. Lindgren, C.J.A. Shelbourne and T. Mullin 1997: Complementing inbreeding coefficient information with status number: implications for structuring breeding populations. NZJFS 27(3): 255–271
C.J.A. Shelbourne, L.A. Apiolaza, K.J.S. Jayawickrama and C.T. Sorensson 1997: Developing breeding objectives for radiata pine in New Zealand. Proc. IUFRO '97 Genetics of Radiata Pine, Rotorua, NZ, Dec. 1–4 1997
O. Rosvall, D. Lindgren and T.J. Mullin 1998: Sustainability, robustness and efficiency of a multi-generation breeding strategy based on within-family clonal selection. Silvae Genetica 47 (5/6): 307–320
R. 2745. R.D. Burdon 2001: Genetic aspects of risk: species diversification, genetic. management and genetic engineering. NZ J. Forestry, Feb. 2001:20–25
S. Kumar 2006: Correlation between clonal means and seedling progeny means, and its implications for radiata pine breeding strategy. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:1968–1975
R. 2842. R.D. Burdon and S. Kumar 2004: Forwards versus backwards selection: trade-offs between expected genetic gain and risk avoidance. NZJFS 34(1): 3–21
R. 2847. R.D. Burdon, R.P. Kibblewhite, J.F. Walker, R. Evans and D.J. Cown 2004: Juvenile versus mature wood: a new concept, orthogonal to corewood versus outerwood, with special reference to Pinus radiata and P. taeda. Forest Science 50(4): 399–415
H.S. Dungey, J.T. Brawner, F. Burger, M.J. Carson, M. Henson, P.A. Jefferson and A.C. Matheson 2005: A new breeding strategy for the Radiata Pine Breeding Consortium: summary and outcomes of the Noosa workshop. RPBC Report?
39460 C.J.A. Shelbourne, R.D. Burdon, H.S. Dungey, L.D. Gea and S. Kumar 2006: Revisiting the elite. RPBC/Ensis report? Brain-storming workshop 28th February 2006
C.J.A. Shelbourne, S. Kumar, R.D. Burdon, L.D. Gea and H.S. Dungey 2007: Deterministic simulation of gains for seedling and cloned main and elite breeding populations of Pinus radiata and implications for strategy. Silvae Genetica 56: 253–300
38627 R.D. Burdon 2005: The RPBC breeding strategy: profit chasing and risk management
39461 H.S. Dungey 2006a: Revisiting the elite-crossing and selection. RPBC/Ensis report? Brainstorming workshop 28th February 2006
37297 T.G. Vincent 2006: Review of genetic resources of introduced tree species other than PR in NZ
P. Cotterill 1986: Breeding strategy: Don’t underestimate simplicity. IUFRO Working Parties on Breeding Theory, Progeny Testing and Seed Orchards. Williamsburg, Va. USA. October 13 1986.
H.S. Dungey, J.T. Brawner, F. Burger, M. Henson, P.A. Jefferson and A.C. Matheson 2009: A new breeding strategy for Pinus radiata in New Zealand and New South Wales. Silvae Genetica 58, 1–2 (2009)
P.A. Jefferson 2016: The Breeding Management Plan (Radiata Pine Breeding Company draft report)
K.J.S. Jayawickrama and C.B. Low 1999: Pinus radiata selections from different regions in NZ 1250 differ in branch habit, form and growth rate. NZ J. For. Sci. 29(1) 3–21.
Namkoong, G. 1966: Family indices for seed orchard selection. Joint Proceedings of Second Genetics Workshop and Seventh Lake States Forest Tree Improvement Conference, United States Forest Service Research Paper NC-6: 7–12.
K.J.S. Jayawickrama and M.J. Carson 2000: A breeding strategy for the New ZealanRadiata Pine Breeding Cooperative. Silvae Genetica 49, 2.
White, D. A., Raymond, C. A., Kile, G. A., & Hall, M. F. (1999). Are there genetic differences in susceptibility of Eucalyptus nitens and E. regnans stems to defect and decay? Australian Forestry, 62(4), 368–374.
R. 2367. M.J. Carson, R.D. Burdon, S.D. Carson, A. Firth, C.J.A. Shelbourne and T.G. Vincent 1990: Realising genetic gains in production forests. IUFRO Working Parties on Douglas fir, Lodgepole pine Sitka spruce and Abies spp. Breeding and genetic resources. Session: Genetic Gains in production forests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shelbourne, C.J.A. (2019). Breeding Strategy. In: Tree Breeding and Genetics in New Zealand. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18460-5_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18460-5_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18459-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18460-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)