Abstract
This chapter reviews and discusses research and practice in the fields of behavioral health and public health from the perspective of implementation science, with an emphasis on critical questions researchers and practice professionals must address as they attempt to improve services in the community. This chapter will also focus on the latter stages concerned with moving programs that have been conceptualized and tested under controlled conditions into clinical practices, paying particular attention to the process of implementation, issues in program fidelity, fit, and adaptation and conclude with a discussion of integration and sustainability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aarons, G. A. (2004). Mental health provider attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice: The Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS). Mental Health Services Research, 6(2), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MHSR.0000024351.12294.65
Aarons, G. A. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership: Association with attitudes toward evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Services, 57(8), 1162–1169. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2006.57.8.1162
Aarons, G. A., Hurlburt, M., & Horwitz, S. M. (2011). Advancing a conceptual model of evidence-based practice implementation in public service sectors. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 38(1), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-010-0327-7
Aarons, G. A., & Sommerfeld, D. H. (2012). Leadership, innovation climate, and attitudes toward evidence-based practice during a statewide implementation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(4), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.018
Aarons, G. A., Sommerfeld, D. H., & Walrath-Greene, C. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice implementation: The impact of public versus private sector organization type on organizational support, provider attitudes, and adoption of evidence-based practice. Implementation Science, 4, 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-83
Abdinnour-Helm, S., Lengnick-Hall, M. L., & Lengnick-Hall, C. A. (2003). Pre-implementation attitudes and organizational readiness for implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning system. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00548-9
Adelman, H. S., & Taylor, L. (2003). On sustainability of project innovations as systemic change. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 14(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532768XJEPC1401_01
Allen, J. D., Shelton, R. C., Emmons, K. M., & Linnan, L. A. (2018). Fidelity and its relationship to implementation, effectiveness, adaptation, and dissemination. In R. C. Brownson, G. A. Colditz, & E. K. Proctor (Eds.), Dissemination and implementation research in health: Translating science to practice (2nd ed., pp. 267–284). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice. (2006). Evidence-based practice in psychology. American Psychologist, 61(4), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.61.4.271
Baldwin, J. A., Johnson, J. L., & Benally, C. C. (2009). Building partnerships between indigenous communities and universities: Lessons learned in HIV/AIDS and substance abuse prevention research. American Journal of Public Health, 99(Suppl 1), S77–S82. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.134585
Baumann, A. A., Cabassa, L. J., & Stirman, S. W. (2018). Adaptation in dissemination and implementation science. In R. C. Brownson, G. A. Colditz, & E. K. Proctor (Eds.), Dissemination and implementation research in health: Translating science to practice (2nd ed., pp. 285–300). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Baumbusch, J. L., Kirkham, S. R., Khan, K. B., McDonald, H., Semeniuk, P., Tan, E., & Anderson, J. M. (2008). Pursuing common agendas: A collaborative model for knowledge translation between research and practice in clinical settings. Research in Nursing and Health, 31(2), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20242
Blase, K., Kiser, L., & Van Dyke, M. (2013). The Hexagon Tool: Exploring context. Chapel Hill, NC: National Implementation Research Network, FPG Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://www.pbis.org/Common/Cms/files/pbisresources/NIRN-Education-TheHexagonTool.pdf
Bond, G. R., Evans, L., Salyers, M. P., Williams, J., & Kim, H. W. (2000). Measurement of fidelity in psychiatric rehabilitation. Mental Health Services Research, 2(2), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010153020697
Bruns, E. (2008). Measuring wraparound fidelity. The resource guide to wraparound. Portland, OR: Portland State University, National Wraparound Initiative, Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health. http://depts.washington.edu/wrapeval/sites/default/files/Bruns-5e.1-%28measuring-fidelity%29.pdf
Burton, D. L., Levin, B. L., Massey, T., Baldwin, J., & Williamson, H. (2016). Innovative graduate research education for advancement of implementation science in adolescent behavioral health. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 43(2), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-015-9494-3
Cabassa, L. J., & Baumann, A. A. (2013). A two-way street: Bridging implementation science and cultural adaptations of mental health treatments. Implementation Science, 8, 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-90
Carroll, C., Patterson, M., Wood, S., Booth, A., Rick, J., & Balain, S. (2007). A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity. Implementation Science, 2, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-2-40
Carvalho, M. L., Honeycutt, S., Escoffery, C., Glanz, K., Sabbs, D., & Kegler, M. C. (2013). Balancing fidelity and adaptation: Implementing evidence-based chronic disease prevention programs. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 19(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e31826d80eb
Castro, F. G., Barrera, M., Jr., & Martinez, C. R., Jr. (2004). The cultural adaptation of prevention interventions: Resolving tensions between fidelity and fit. Prevention Science, 5(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PREV.0000013980.12412.cd
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2007). Understanding evidence-based practices for co-occurring disorders: Overview paper 5 (DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 07–4278). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS84453
Chambers, D. A., Glasgow, R. E., & Stange, K. C. (2013). The dynamic sustainability framework: Addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change. Implementation Science, 8, 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-117
Chambers, D. A., & Norton, W. E. (2016). The adaptome: Advancing the science of intervention adaptation. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(4 Suppl 2), S124–S131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.05.011
Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., & Barr, C. H. (2013). Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: A systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures. Implementation Science, 8, 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-22
Chorpita, B. F., Daleiden, E. L., & Weisz, J. R. (2005). Identifying and selecting the common elements of evidence based interventions: A distillation and matching model. Mental Health Services Research, 7(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11020-005-1962-6
Cooper, B. R., Bumbarger, B. K., & Moore, J. E. (2015). Sustaining evidence-based prevention programs: Correlates in a large-scale dissemination initiative. Prevention Science, 16(1), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0427-1
Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., Keith, R. E., Kirsh, S. R., Alexander, J. A., & Lowery, J. C. (2009). Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implementation Science, 4, 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-50
Dane, A. V., & Schneider, B. H. (1998). Program integrity in primary and early secondary prevention: Are implementation effects out of control? Clinical Psychology Review, 18(1), 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00043-3
Deschênes, N., Clark, H. B., & Herrygers, J. (2008). The development of fidelity measures for youth transition programs. In C. Newman, C. Liberton, K. Kutash, & R. M. Friedman (Eds.), The 20th annual research conference proceedings: A system of care for children’s mental health: Expanding the research base (pp. 333–338). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, Research and Training Center for Children’s Mental Health. http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/rtcconference/proceedings/20thproceedings/20thChapter10.pdf
Dovidio, J. F., Penner, L. A., Albrecht, T. L., Norton, W. E., Gaertner, S. L., & Shelton, J. N. (2008). Disparities and distrust: The implications of psychological processes for understanding racial disparities in health and health care. Social Science and Medicine, 67(3), 478–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.019
Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), 327–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9165-0
Feldstein, A. C., & Glasgow, R. E. (2008). A practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM) for integrating research findings into practice. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 34(4), 228–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1553-7250(08)34030-6
Fixsen, D. L., Blase, K. A., Naoom, S. F., & Wallace, F. (2009). Core implementation components. Research on Social Work Practice, 19(5), 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509335549
Fixsen, D. L., Naoom, S. F., Blase, K. A., Friedman, R. M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature (FMHI Publication No. 231). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, National Implementation Research Network. https://nirn.fpg.unc.edu/sites/nirn.fpg.unc.edu/files/resources/NIRN-MonographFull-01-2005.pdf
Gonzales, J. J., Ringeisen, H. L., & Chambers, D. A. (2002). The tangled and thorny path of science to practice: Tensions in interpreting and applying “evidence”. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(2), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/9.2.204
Green, L. W. (2008). Making research relevant: If it is an evidence-based practice, where’s the practice-based evidence? Family Practice, 25(Suppl 1), i20–i24. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmn055
Green, L. W., & Glasgow, R. E. (2006). Evaluating the relevance, generalization, and applicability of research: Issues in external validation and translation methodology. Evaluation and the Health Professions, 29(1), 126–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278705284445
Green, L. W., Ottoson, J. M., Garcia, C., & Hiatt, R. A. (2009). Diffusion theory and knowledge dissemination, utilization, and integration in public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 30, 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100049
Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., Macfarlane, F., Bate, P., & Kyriakidou, O. (2004). Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: Systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Quarterly, 82(4), 581–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0887-378X.2004.00325.x
Guevara, M., & Solomon, E. (2009). Implementing evidence-based policy and practice in community corrections. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Corrections Institute. https://s3.amazonaws.com/static.nicic.gov/Library/024107.pdf
Harn, B., Parisi, D., & Stoolmiller, M. (2013). Balancing fidelity with flexibility and fit: What do we really know about fidelity of implementation in schools? Exceptional Children, 79(3), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440291307900204
Hernandez, M., Worthington, J., & Davis, C. S. (2005). Measuring the fidelity of service planning and delivery to system of care principles: The system of care practice review (SOCPR) (Making children’s mental health services successful series; FMHI Publication #223-1). Tampa, FL. http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/rtcpubs/SOCPR/SOCPR-Monograph.pdf
Hoagwood, K., Burns, B. J., Kiser, L., Ringeisen, H., & Schoenwald, S. K. (2001). Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 52(9), 1179–1189. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.9.1179
Hoagwood, K., & Johnson, J. (2003). School psychology: A public health framework I. From evidence-based practices to evidence-based policies. Journal of School Psychology, 41(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4405(02)00141-3
Hunter, S. B., Han, B., Slaughter, M. E., Godley, S. H., & Garner, B. R. (2017). Predicting evidence-based treatment sustainment: Results from a longitudinal study of the Adolescent-Community Reinforcement Approach. Implementation Science, 12(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0606-8
Isett, K. R., Burnam, M. A., Coleman-Beattie, B., Hyde, P. S., Morrissey, J. P., Magnabosco, J., … Goldman, H. H. (2007). The state policy context of implementation issues for evidence-based practices in mental health. Psychiatric Services, 58(7), 914–921. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2007.58.7.914
Iwelunmor, J., Blackstone, S., Veira, D., Nwaozuru, U., Airhihenbuwa, C., Munodawafa, D., … Ogedegebe, G. (2016). Toward the sustainability of health interventions implemented in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and conceptual framework. Implementation Science, 11, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0392-8
Kazdin, A. E. (2000). Psychotherapy for children and adolescents: Directions for research and practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Kazdin, A. E. (2008). Evidence-based treatment and practice: New opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice, enhance the knowledge base, and improve patient care. American Psychologist, 63(3), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.63.3.146
Lee, S. J., Altschul, I., & Mowbray, C. T. (2008). Using planned adaptation to implement evidence-based programs with new populations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9160-5
Lehman, W. E., Greener, J. M., & Simpson, D. D. (2002). Assessing organizational readiness for change. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 22(4), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(02)00233-7
Lendrum, A., Humphrey, N., & Greenberg, M. (2016). Implementing for success in school-based mental health promotion: The role of quality in resolving the tension between fidelity and adaptation. In R. H. Shute & P. T. Slee (Eds.), Mental health and wellbeing through schools: The way forward (pp. 53–63). London: Routledge.
Lieberman, R., Zubritsky, C., Martínez, K., Massey, O. T., Fisher, S., Kramer, T., … Obrochta, C. (2011, February). Issue brief: Using practice-based evidence to complement evidence-based practice in children’s behavioral health. Atlanta, GA: ICF Macro, Outcomes Roundtable for Children and Families. http://cfs.cbcs.usf.edu/_docs/publications/OutcomesRoundtableBrief.pdf
Massey, O. T., Armstrong, K., Boroughs, M., Henson, K., & McCash, L. (2005). Mental health services in schools: A qualitative analysis of challenges to implementation, operation, and sustainability. Psychology in the Schools, 42(4), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20063
McDonald, P. W., & Viehbeck, S. (2007). From evidence-based practice making to practice-based evidence making: Creating communities of (research) and practice. Health Promotion Practice, 8(2), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839906298494
Minkler, M., & Wallerstein, N. (2013). Introduction to community-based participatory research: New issues and emphases. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health: From process to outcomes (5th ed., pp. 5–24). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. http://rbdigital.oneclickdigital.com
Moore, J. E., Mascarenhas, A., Bain, J., & Straus, S. E. (2017). Developing a comprehensive definition of sustainability. Implementation Science, 12(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0637-1
Morrison, D. M., Hoppe, M. J., Gillmore, M. R., Kluver, C., Higa, D., & Wells, E. A. (2009). Replicating an intervention: The tension between fidelity and adaptation. AIDS Education and Prevention, 21(2), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2009.21.2.128
Murray, L. K., Dorsey, S., Skavenski, S., Kasoma, M., Imasiku, M., Bolton, P., … Cohen, J. A. (2013). Identification, modification, and implementation of an evidence-based psychotherapy for children in a low-income country: The use of TF-CBT in Zambia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 7(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-7-24
National Implementation Research Network. (2015). Implementation stages. [Web page]. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, FPG Child Development Institute, The National Implementation Research Network. https://nirn.fpg.unc.edu/learn-implementation/implementation-stages
Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation Science, 10, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0
Office of the Surgeon General. (1999). Mental health: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service. https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/ResourceMetadata/NNBBHS
President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. (2003). Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America: Final report (DHHS publication no.). Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED479836.pdf
Proctor, E. K., Landsverk, J., Aarons, G., Chambers, D., Glisson, C., & Mittman, B. (2009). Implementation research in mental health services: An emerging science with conceptual, methodological, and training challenges. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 36(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-008-0197-4
Pullmann, M. D., Bruns, E. J., & Sather, A. K. (2013). Evaluating fidelity to the wraparound service model for youth: Application of item response theory to the Wraparound Fidelity Index. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031864
Rabin, B. A., & Brownson, R. C. (2018). Terminology for dissemination and implementation research. In R. C. Brownson, G. A. Colditz, & E. K. Proctor (Eds.), Dissemination and implementation research in health: Translating science to practice (2nd ed., pp. 19–45). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. New York, NY: Free Press.
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M., Gray, J. A., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996). Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. BMJ, 312(7023), 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71
Saldana, L. (2014). The stages of implementation completion for evidence-based practice: Protocol for a mixed methods study. Implementation Science, 9(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-9-43
Saldana, L., Chamberlain, P., Wang, W., & Hendricks Brown, C. (2012). Predicting program start-up using the stages of implementation measure. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 39(6), 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-011-0363-y
Scheirer, M. A. (2005). Is sustainability possible? A review and commentary on empirical studies of program sustainability. American Journal of Evaluation, 26(3), 320–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214005278752
Shelton, R. C., Cooper, B. R., & Stirman, S. W. (2018). The sustainability of evidence-based interventions and practices in public health and health care. Annual Review of Public Health, 39, 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014731
Stichter, J. P., Herzog, M. J., Owens, S. A., & Malugen, E. (2016). Manualization, feasibility, and effectiveness of the School-Based Social Competence Intervention for Adolescents (SCI-A). Psychology in the Schools, 53(6), 583–600. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21928
Stirman, S. W., Miller, C. J., Toder, K., & Calloway, A. (2013). Development of a framework and coding system for modifications and adaptations of evidence-based interventions. Implementation Science, 8, 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-65
Tabrizi, B. (2014, October). The key to change is middle management. Harvard Business Review. [Web page]. https://hbr.org/2014/10/the-key-to-change-is-middle-management
Titler, M. G., Everett, L. Q., & Adams, S. (2007). Implications for implementation science. Nursing Research, 56(4 Suppl), S53–S59. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000280636.78901.7f
Urban, J. B., & Trochim, W. (2009). The role of evaluation in research – Practice integration working toward the “golden spike”. American Journal of Evaluation, 30(4), 538–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214009348327
Walker, J. S., Koroloff, N. M., Schutte, K., & Portland State University. Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health. (2003). Implementing high-quality collaborative individualized service/support planning: Necessary conditions. Portland, OR: Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health, Portland State University. https://nwi.pdx.edu/NWI-book/Chapters/App-6f-Individualized-Service-And-Support%20Planning.pdf
Wandersman, A., Duffy, J., Flaspohler, P., Noonan, R., Lubell, K., Stillman, L., … Saul, J. (2008). Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9174-z
Westfall, J. M., Mold, J., & Fagnan, L. (2007). Practice-based research – “Blue Highways” on the NIH roadmap. JAMA, 297(4), 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.4.403
Yampolskaya, S., Massey, O. T., & Greenbaum, P. E. (2006). At-risk high school students in the “Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness” Program (GEAR UP): Academic and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Primary Prevention, 27(5), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-006-0050-z
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Massey, O.T., Vroom, E.B. (2020). The Role of Implementation Science in Behavioral Health. In: Levin, B.L., Hanson, A. (eds) Foundations of Behavioral Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18435-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18435-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18433-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18435-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)