Abstract
A classical sleep model is based on an interaction of two different processes. A homeostatic one is characterised by increasing and decreasing sleep pressure after waking up and while asleep, respectively. The other process is a circadian one which provides the possibility to sleep: the sleep window. Light and darkness at the appropriate times strongly influence the latter process. Daytime light influences sleep possibility during the night. Here, both the level and the spectrum of light play a role. Cooler white light is more effective than warmer white light. Sleep quality during the night, of course, also influences alertness and performance during the subsequent day. On top of this effect on alertness and performance, there is also a direct photobiological effect of light on alertness and performance. A sufficient high light level for this second route towards alertness and performance is essential. There are contradictory research results on the role of the spectrum in this respect. On the basis of the research discussed in this chapter, a dynamic lighting scenario for daytime workplaces is proposed which dynamically changes both the lighting level and colour. It optimises between energy requirements on the one hand and requirements of visual and non-visual effects of lighting on the other hand.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Achermann P, Borbély AA (2003) Mathematical models of sleep regulation. Front Biosci (Landmark eds) 8:S683–S693
Åkerstedt T, Folkard S (1996) Predicting duration of sleep from the three process model of regulation of alertness. Occup Environ Med 53(2):136–141
Åkerstedt T, Gillberg M (1990) Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int J Neurosci 52:29–37
Aries M (2005) Human lighting demands, healthy lighting in an office environment. Public presentation of PhD thesis, University of Technology Eindhoven, Eindhoven
Bakker I, Van Der Voordt T, Vink P, De Boon J (2014) Pleasure, arousal dominance: Mehrabian and Russell revisited. Curr Psychol 33(3):405–421
Beersma DGM, Gordijn MCM (2007) Circadian control of sleep-wake cycle. Physiol Behav 90:190–195
Borbély AA, Wirz-Justice A (1982) Sleep, sleep deprivation and depression. A hypothesis derived from a model of sleep regulation. Hum Neurobiol 1:205–210
Borbély AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, DeBoer T (2016) The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res 25:131–143
Boubekri M, Cheung IN, Reid JR, Wang C-H, Zee PC (2014) Impact of windows and daylight exposures on overall health and sleep quality of office workers: a case-control pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med 10(6):603–611
Boyce PR, Beckstead JW, Eklund NH, Strobel RW, Rea MS (1997) Lighting the graveyard-shift: the influence of a daylightsimulating skylight on the task performance and mood of night-shift. Light Res Technol 29:105–134
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ (1989) The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 28(2):193–213
Cajochen C (2007) Alerting effects of light. Sleep Med Rev 11:453–464
Cajochen C, Khalsa SBS, Wyatt JK, Czeisler CA, Dijk D-J (1999) EEG and ocular correlates of circadian melatonin phase and human performance decrements during sleep loss. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 277:R640–R649
Canazei M, Dehoff P, Staggl S, Pohl W (2014) Effects of dynamic ambient lighting on female permanent morning shift workers. Lighting Res Technol 46:140:156
Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala N-B, Currie A, Peile E, Stranges S, Miller MA (2008) Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep 31(5):619–626
Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA (2010a) Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep 33(5):585–592
Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA (2010b) Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 33:414–420
Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA (2011) Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J 32:1484–1492
Cheung V, Yuen VM, Wong GTC, Choi SW (2019) The effect of sleep deprivation and disruption on DNA damage and health of doctors. Anaesthesia 2019:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.14533
Colau A, Fotios S (2015) Using lighting to improve concentration in the classroom. In: Proceedings of 28th CIE Session, Manchester
Costa IC, Carvalho HN, Fernandes L (2013) Aging, circadian rhythms and depressive disorders: a review. Am J Neurodegener Dis 2(4):228–246
Daan S, Beersma DG, Borbély AA (1984) Timing of human sleep: recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker. Am J Phys 246:R161–R178
Dijk D-J (2012) Sleep and health: beyond sleep duration and sleepiness? J Sleep Res 21:355–356
Dijk DJ, Archer SN (2010) PERIOD3, circadian phenotypes, and sleep homeostasis. Sleep Med Rev 14:151–160
Ferlazzo F, Piccardi L, Burattini C, Barbalace M, Giannini AM, Bisegna F (2014) Effects of new light sources on task switching and mental rotation performance. J Environ Psychol 39:92–100
Ficca G, Axelsson J, Mollicone DJ, Muto V, Vitiell MV (2010) Naps, cognition and performance. Sleep Med Rev 14:249–158
Figueiro MG, Rea MS (2016) Office lighting and personal light exposures in two seasons: impact on sleep and mood. Lighting Res Technol 48:52–364
Figueiro MG, Hamner R, Bierman A, Rea MS (2013) Comparison of three practical field devices used to measure personal light exposures and activity levels. Light Res Technol 45(4):421–434
Figueiro MG, Steverson B, Heerwagen J, Kampschroer K, Hunter CM, Gonzales K, Plitnick B, Rea MS (2017) The impact of daytime light exposures on sleep and mood in office workers. Sleep Health 3:204–215
Figueiro MG, Nagare R, Price LL (2018) Non-visual effects of light: how to use light to promote circadian entrainment and elicit alertness. Lighting Res Technol 50:38–62
Gifford R, Hine DW, Veitch JA (1997) Meta-analysis for environment-behavior and design research, illuminated with a study of lighting level effects on office task performance. In: Moore GT, Marans RW (eds) Advances in environment, behavior, and design. Plenum Press, New York, pp 223–253
Gornicka GB (2008) Lighting at work: environmental study of direct effects of lighting level and spectrum on psychophysiological variables. PhD thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven
Hubalek S, Brink M, Schierz C (2010) Office workers’ daily exposure to light and its influence on sleep quality and mood. Lighting Res Technol 42:33–50
Huiberts LM, Smolders KCHJ, De Kort YAW (2015a) Shining light on memory: effects of bright light on working memory performance. Behav Brain Res 294:234–245
Huiberts LM, Smolders KCHJ, De Kort YAW (2015b) Shining light on memory: effects of bright light on working performance. Behav Brain Res 194:234–245
Huiberts LM, Smolders KCHJ, De Kort YAW (2017) Seasonal and time-of-day variations in acute non-image forming effects of illuminance level on performance, physiology, and subjective Well-being. Chronobiol Int 34(7):827–844
Ishii H, Kanagawa H, Shimamura Y, Uchiyama K, Miyagi K, Obayashi F, Shimoda H (2018) Intellectual productivity under task ambient lighting. Lighting Res Technol 50:237–252
Iskra-Golec I, Wazna A, Smith L (2012) Effects of blue-enriched light on the daily course of mood, sleepiness and light perception: a field experiment. Lighting Res Technol 44:506–513
Kaida K, Takahashi M, Åkerstedt T, Nakata A, Otsuka Y, Haratani T, Fukasawa K (2006a) Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. Clin Neurophysiol 117:1574–1581
Kaida K, Takahashi M, Haratani T, Otsuka Y, Fukasawa K, Nakata A (2006b) Indoor exposure to natural bright light prevents afternoon sleepiness. Sleep 29:462–469
Kaida K, Takeda Y, Tsuzuki K (2013) The effects of short afternoon nap and bright light on task switching performance and error-related negativity. Sleep Biol Rhythms 11:125–134
Kim Y, Wilkens LR, Schembre SM, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Goodman MT (2013) Insufficient and excessive amounts of sleep increase the risk of premature death from cardiovascular and other diseases: the multi-ethnic cohort study. Prev Med 57:377–385
Knez I, Kers C (2000) Effects of indoor lighting, gender, and age on mood and cognitive performance. Environ Behav 32:817–831
Küller R, Wetterberg L (1993) Melatonin, cortisol, EEG, ECG and subjective comfort in healthy humans: Impact of two fluorescent lamp types at two light intensities. Lighting Res. Technol 25(2):71–80
Lee KA, Hicks G, Nini-Murcia G (1990) Validity and reliability of a scale to assess fatigue. Psychiatry Res 36:291–298
Leger D, Bayon V, Elbas M, Philip P, Choudat D (2007) Underexposure to light at work and its association to insomnia and sleepiness. J Psychosom Res 70:29–36
Mednick SC, Ehrman M (2006) Take a nap! Change your life. Workman Publishing Company, New York
Mehrabian A, Russell JA (1974) An approach to environmental psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Meijman TF, De Vries-Griever AH, De Vries G, Kampman R (1988) The evaluation of the Groningen sleep quality scale. Heymans Bulletins Psychologische Instituten, Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen
Mills PM, Tomkins SC, Schlangen LJM (2007) The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. J Circadian Rhythms 5:2–10
Noguchi H, Sakaguchi T (1999) Effect of illuminance and color temperature on lowering of physiological activity. Appl Hum Sci 18:117–123
Odds W (ed) (2015) Sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolism: the rhythm of life. Apple Academic Press, Inc., Oakville, ON
Phipps-Nelson J, Redman JR, Dijk D-J, Rajaratman SMW (2003) Daytime exposure to bright light, as compared to dim light, decreases sleepiness and improves psychomotor vigilance performance. Sleep 26:695–700
Rasch B, Born J (2013) About sleep’s role in memory. Physiol Rev 93:681–766
Rüger M, Gordijn MCM, Beersma DG, De Vries B, Daan S (2006) Time-of-day-dependent effects of bright light exposure on human psychophysiology: comparison of daytime and nighttime exposure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290(5):R1413–RR142
Ryan RM, Frederick C (1997) On energy, personality, and health: subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. J Pers 65:529–565
Santhi N, Groeger JA, Archer SN, Giminez M, Schlangen LJM, Dijk D-J (2013) Morning sleep inertia in alertness and performance: effect of cognitive domain and white light condition. PLoS One 8:e79688
Shi L, Katsuura T, Shimomura Y, Iwanaga K (2009) Effects of different light source color temperature during physical exercise in human EEG and subjective evaluation. J Human Environ Syst 12:27–34
Smolders KCHJ, De Kort YAW (2017) Investigating daytime effects of correlated colour temperature on experiences, performance and arousal. J Environ Psychol 50:80–93
Smolders KCHJ, De Kort YAW, Cluitmans PJM (2012) A higher illuminance induces alertness even during office hours: findings on subjective measures, task performance and heart rate measures. Physiol Behav 107:7–16
Smolders KCHJ, De Kort YAW, Van Den Berg SM (2013) Daytime light exposure and feelings of vitality: results of a field study during regular weekdays. J Environ Psychol 36:270–279
Stampi C (ed) (1992) Why we nap; evolution, chronobiological functions of polyphasic and ultrashort sleep. Springer Science+Business Media, New York
Takahashi M, Nakata A, Haratani T, Ogawa Y, Arito H (2004) Post-lunch nap as a worksite intervention to promote alertness on the job. Ergonomics 47:1003–1013
Turnage JJ, Kennedy RS, Smith MG, Baltzley DR, Lane NE (1992) Development of microcomputer-based mental acuity tests. Ergonomics 35(10):1271–1295
Van Bommel WJM (2006) Non-visual biological effect of lighting and the practical meaning for lighting for work. Appl Ergon 37:461–466
Vandewalle G, Balteau E, Phillips C, Degueldre C, Moreau V, Sterpenich V, Albouy G, Darsaud A, Desseilles M, Dang-Vu TT, Peigneux P, Luxen A, Dijk D-J, Maquet P (2006) Daytime light exposure dynamically enhances brain responses. Curr Biol 16:1616–1621
Viola AU, James LM, Schlangen LJM, Dijk D-J (2008) Blue-rich white light in the workplace improves self-reported alertness, performance and sleep quality. Scand J Work Environ Health 34:297–306
Wams EJ, Woelders T, Marring I, van Rosmalen L, Beersma DGM, Gordijn MCM, Hut RA (2017) Linking light exposure and subsequent sleep: a field polysomnography study in humans. Sleep 40:zsx165
Westerlund A, Lagerros YT, Kecklund G, Axelsson J, Åkerstedt T (2016) Relationships between questionnaire ratings of sleep quality and polysomnography in healthy adults. Behav Sleep Med 14(2):185–199
Ye M, Zheng SQ, Wang ML, Luo MR (2018) The effect of dynamic correlated colour temperature changes on alertness and performance. Lighting Res Technol 50:1070–1081
Yin J, Jin X, Shan Z, Li S, Huang H, Li P, Peng X, Peng Z, Yu K, Bao W, Yang W, Chen X, Liu L (2017) Relationship of sleep duration with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Heart Assoc 6(9):e005947
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van Bommel, W. (2019). Light, Sleep, Alertness and Performance. In: Interior Lighting. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17195-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17195-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17194-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17195-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)