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Local-Regional Recurrence After Breast-Conservation Treatment or Mastectomy

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Breast Disease

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Abstract

Local recurrence after breast-conservation treatment is most often detected by breast imaging followed by a biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Patients with invasive local recurrence should also undergo a staging work-up, mostly by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), to eliminate the possibility of systemic disease. Although mastectomy is the generally accepted treatment, a repeat breast-conservation approach with or without re-irradiation with accelerated brachytherapy or intraoperative radiotherapy with a potential subsequently increased risk for local recurrence is optional for selected patients. A multimodality approach including a medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and plastic and reconstructive surgeon is important to determine the risk-benefit ratio of treatment modalities.

Local recurrence after mastectomy as a chest wall recurrence (CWR) is most commonly detected by physical examination and diagnosed by a tissue biopsy for confirmation and for hormone receptor (HR) and HER2-neu analysis. A staging work-up is necessary to plan the appropriate therapy and is primarily performed by PET-CT. In the absence of distant metastases, CWR should be considered for surgical local excision if the lesion is not fixed to the underlying intercostal bony structures or sternum and if the recurrent lesions are not multiple and diffuse on the chest wall or associated with diffuse skin thickening and erythema requiring neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. In a patient with an ER/PR-positive HER2-neu (−) local recurrence without distant metastases, adjuvant hormonal therapy followed by surgery for local excision should be primarily considered. Adjuvant radiotherapy is indicated in patients without prior postmastectomy radiation therapy. CWR in patients with autologous reconstruction should be locally excised without reconstruction or prosthesis removal. Therefore, no standard treatment for patients with CWR is available. Re-irradiation for bulky disease may be considered in patients in whom surgery and chemotherapy are not considered. Hyperthermia or photodynamic treatment may also provide alternative therapeutic options for the management of these patients.

Locoregional lymph node recurrence: A tissue biopsy for diagnosis and hormone receptor and HER2-neu evaluation should be established along with a full metastatic work-up. If no distant metastases are noted and the regional recurrence is operable, surgical excision should be considered as the first-line treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial for ER-negative patients with completely excised isolated locoregional recurrences with negative margins after a mastectomy or lumpectomy for primary breast cancer. In hormone receptor (HR)-positive patients, endocrine therapy should be changed or started followed by surgery, whereas chemotherapy should be administered in triple-negative patients followed by surgery. Similarly, anti-HER2-neu therapy with or without chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy should be considered (e.g., trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, TDM-1) in patients with HER2-neu positivity. Therefore, systemic therapies should be personalized to each individual patient.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

    Neslihan Cabioğlu

  2. Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Enver Özkurt

  3. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Ayfer Kamali Polat

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  1. Neslihan Cabioğlu
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  2. Enver Özkurt
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  3. Ayfer Kamali Polat
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oncology Institute, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Adnan Aydiner

  2. Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Abdullah Igci

  3. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Women’s Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Atilla Soran

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Cabioğlu, N., Özkurt, E., Polat, A.K. (2019). Local-Regional Recurrence After Breast-Conservation Treatment or Mastectomy. In: Aydiner, A., Igci, A., Soran, A. (eds) Breast Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16792-9_29

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