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Time and Synchronization in Telecoms

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Advances in Information and Communication Technologies (UKRMICO 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 560))

Abstract

The chapter deals with the main principles and trends in the field of synchronization in telecommunications. The presented approach is based on the respective ITU-T research and standardization activities as well as the authors’ own studies and academic subjects in Institute of Telecommunication Systems of “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”. A significant part of the results were obtained by the authors during their work at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Communications – UNDIZ (Kyiv, Ukraine).

The fundamental definitions of network synchronization and transmission modes as well as the actual requirements for frequency synchronization (FS), phase (PS) and time of day (ToD) synchronization and their metrics are analyzed. The relationships and limits of FS and PS characteristics are proposed based on the FS and PS conceptions indivisibility. The two-way precise time protocol (PTP) is analyzed subject to time delay random component and frequency deviation. The analysis of both well-known and new metrics evaluating the synchronization accuracy was performed. The PTP time stamps exchange was studied using Maximum Likelihood method and minimal time interval errors mTIE.

Results and challenges for further study are summarized in the Conclusions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The term “synchronization” comes from the Greek word synchronos, which means “simultaneously”.

  2. 2.

    Quoted from [4], in the authors’ translation from Russian.

  3. 3.

    “Encyclopedia” F.A. Brokhaus and I.A Efron in 86 volumes: St. Petersburg, 1890–1907.

  4. 4.

    OSI – Open Systems Interconnection (OSI/IEC 7498-1:1994).

  5. 5.

    Hereinafter, the references to the ITU-T Series numbers of the G series are given in square brackets. The current versions of all ITU-T Recommendations are available on the official website: https://www.itu.int/.

  6. 6.

    SDN/NFV – Software Defined Network/Network Functions Virtualization.

  7. 7.

    PLL – Phase-Locked Loop.

  8. 8.

    See Fig. 4a below.

  9. 9.

    It should be noted that, taking into account G.701 and G.822 ITU-T Recommendations, the quasi-synchronous and asynchronous synchronization network modes described in G.810 can be considered as special cases of the plesiochronous network mode.

  10. 10.

    Here and below it is assumed that the nominal values and the permissible offsets of writing and reading frequencies are equal.

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Acknowledgements

Experimental studies and computer modeling were carried out with the support and useful communication of S. Mikhaylichenko and A. Korzh (Vodafone Ukraine), N. Legotin and N. Mokhovikov (ALTO Ltd, Russia) and Dr. Andreja Jarc (Meainberg, Germany). Also, the authors would like to thank M. Koltunov, M. Shwartz and A. Ryzhkov (MTUCI, Russia), D. Shevchenko (MTS Russia), D. Schneuwly and S. Kiss (Oscilloquartz, Switzerland) for their well-timed support and useful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Peremoga Avenue 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

    N. L. Biriukov & N. R. Triska

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  1. N. L. Biriukov
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Correspondence to N. L. Biriukov or N. R. Triska .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

    Mykhailo Ilchenko

  2. Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

    Leonid Uryvsky

  3. Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

    Larysa Globa

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Biriukov, N.L., Triska, N.R. (2019). Time and Synchronization in Telecoms. In: Ilchenko, M., Uryvsky, L., Globa, L. (eds) Advances in Information and Communication Technologies. UKRMICO 2018. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 560. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16770-7_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16770-7_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16770-7

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