Abstract
In the years since 2001, Media Studies has undergone considerable changes, some of which are related to 9/11. This chapter explores those changes by responding to five distinct yet related questions. First, how does news present domestic issues differently from international issues? Second, how has reporting changed since 2001? Third, what are some of the content differences across news delivery platforms? Fourth, in what ways are political influences exerted over presentations and coverage of particular issues? And, finally, how are diverse national, social, political, racial, and religious groups represented in the news media? The answers find that while 9/11 was not a catalytic event that generated changes to Media Studies, the post-9/11 environment is different, and many of those differences are related to the events of that day.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
“About.” n.d. VICE News. https://news.vice.com/about. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
“About.” n.d. http://america.aljazeera.com/tools/about.html. Accessed 16 Sept 2015.
“About Us.” n.d. factcheck.org. http://www.factcheck.org/spindetectors/about/. Accessed 16 Sept 2015.
“After the Attack, Postmodernism Loses Its Glib Grip.” 2015. Tribunedigital-Chicagotribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-09-27/features/0109270018_1_postmodernism-military-personnel-field-in-southwestern-pennsylvania. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Allen, Christopher. 2001. Islamophobia in the Media Since September 11th. Speech Presented at the Exploring Islamophobia, University of Westminster, School of Law, September 29. http://www.fairuk.org/docs/Islamophobia-in-the-Media-since-911-ChristopherAllen.pdf.
“Americans’ Attitudes Toward Muslims And Arabs Are Getting Worse.” n.d. The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/29/arab-muslim-poll_n_5628919.html. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
“America’s Largest Private Companies.” n.d. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/largest-private-companies/list/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Bakhtin, M.M. 2001. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. University of Texas Press Slavic Series, No. 1. Austin: University of Texas Press.
BBC. 2003. “War Coverage Lifts News Corp,” August 13, Sec. Business. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3148015.stm.
Bonner, Raymond. 2011. The Media and 9/11: How We Did. The Atlantic, September 9. http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/09/the-media-and-9-11-how-we-did/244818/.
Bo Peep. n.d. Loose Change Full Movie Best Quality. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IlCy1Zik1w. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Churchill, Ward. 2003. On the Justice of Roosting Chickens: Reflections on the Consequences of U.S. Imperial Arrogance and Criminality. Oakland, CA: AK Press.
Collins, John, and Ross Glover. 2002. Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.
Comments, Mark Jurkowitz 37. n.d. Is MSNBC the Place for Opinion? Pew Research Center. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/05/is-msnbc-the-place-for-opinion/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Deleuze, G. 1990. Postscript on Control Societies. L’autre Journal, May 1.
Dixon, Travis L., and Charlotte L. Williams. 2015. The Changing Misrepresentation of Race and Crime on Network and Cable News. Journal of Communication 65 (1): 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12133.
Epstein, Edward Jay. 1974. News from Nowhere: Television and the News. New York: Vintage Books.
Finney, Mark. 2010. Knowing Is Half the Battle: How Endorsements for War Were Embedded in CNN’s Coverage of the Conflict with Iraq. Saarbrücken: Vdm Verlag.
Fishman, Mark. 1980. Manufacturing the News. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Gladstone, B. 2011, June 8. Scientific Retractions on the Rise. On the Media. WNYC. https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/215340-scientific-retractions-rise. Accessed 7 Jan 2019.
Greenwald, Robert, Douglas Cheek, and Walter Cronkite. 2004. Outfoxed. [Videorecording]: Rupert Murdoch’s War on Journalism. n.p. New York: Disinformation Co.
“Images Show Israeli Soldier Handling Palestinian Boy—CNN.com.” 2015. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/30/middleeast/west-bank-arrest-images-viral/index.html. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Jeffords, S., and F. Al-Sumait. 2015. Covering Bin Laden: Global Media and the World’s Most Wanted Man. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt6wr60n.
Johnson, Kirk, and Katharine Q. Seelye. 2009. Jury Says Professor Was Wrongly Fired. The New York Times, April 2. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/us/03churchill.html.
Journalism, Pew Research Center, and Media Staff. n.d. How 9–11 Changed the Evening News. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. http://www.journalism.org/2006/09/11/how-9-11-changed-the-evening-news/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Keller, P., and L. Block. 1996. Increasing the Persuasiveness of Fear Appeals: The Effect of Arousal and Elaboration. Journal of Consumer Research 22 (4). https://www.academic.oup.com/jcr/article/22/4/448/1790532.
Kellner, Douglas. 2006. 9/11, Spectacles of Terror, and Media Manipulation. Critical Discourse Studies 1 (1): 41–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405900410001674515.
Lutz, Ashley. 2012. These 6 Corporations Control 90% of the Media in America. Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/these-6-corporations-control-90-of-the-media-in-america-2012-6. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Markon, Jerry. 2015. Trump Says Building a U.S.-Mexico Wall Is ‘Easy.’ But Is It Really? The Washington Post, July 16. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-on-the-us-mexico-border-building-a-wall-is-easy/2015/07/16/9a619668-2b0c-11e5-bd33-395c05608059_story.html.
Meads, Timothy. 2018. President Trump Is Correct—Study Shows 90% of Administration Media Coverage Is Negative. TownHall, July 29. https://townhall.com/tipsheet/timothymeads/2018/07/29/presiden-trump-is-correct—study-shows-90-of-media-coverage-negative-study-shows-n2504929.
Mitchell, Amy. n.d. State of the News Media 2015. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. http://www.journalism.org/2015/04/29/state-of-the-news-media-2015/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Mitchell, Amy, Jeffrey Gottfried, Jocelyn Kiley, and Katerina Eva Matsa. n.d. Political Polarization & Media Habits. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. http://www.journalism.org/2014/10/21/political-polarization-media-habits/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Olmstead, Kenneth, Mark Jurkowitz, Amy Mitchell, and Jodi Enda. n.d. How Americans Get TV News at Home. Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project. http://www.journalism.org/2013/10/11/how-americans-get-tv-news-at-home/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Olson, Lester C., Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Hope, eds. 2008. Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture. Los Angeles: Sage.
Ott, Brian. 2015. At the Intersection of Discipline and Control: The Rhetorical Workings of Biopower at the CELL. Keynote Address Presented at the Rocky Mountain Communication Association Conference, Group Publishing, Loveland CO, April 11.
Passyn, Kirsten, and Mita Sujan. 2006. Self-Accountability Emotions and Fear Appeals: Motivating Behavior. Journal of Consumer Research 32 (4): 583–589. https://doi.org/10.1086/500488.
Personal Interviews Conducted on April 11, 2015 at Rocky Mountain Communication Association Conference: Danny Ledonne Brian Ott Rebecca Roberts.
Peters, J., and A. Parker. 2015, August 20. Dueling Town Hall Meetings Add Distance to the Bush-Trump Gulf. The New York Times.
Powell, Kimberly A. 2011. Framing Islam: An Analysis of U.S. Media Coverage of Terrorism Since 9/11. Communication Studies 62 (1): 90–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2011.533599.
“Public Knowledge of Current Affairs Little Changed by News and Information Revolutions.” n.d. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. http://www.people-press.org/2007/04/15/public-knowledge-of-current-affairs-little-changed-by-news-and-information-revolutions/. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Rothstein, Edward. 2001. Attacks on U.S. Challenge Postmodern True Believers. The New York Times, September 22, Sec. Arts. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/22/arts/22CONN.html.
Said, Edward W. 1997. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World, Rev. ed., 1st Vintage Books ed. New York: Vintage Books.
Sandell, Richard, and Robert R. Janes, eds. 2007. Museum Management and Marketing. Leicester Readers in Museum Studies. London and New York: Routledge. http://ezproxy.ehc.edu:2048/login?url=http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=190486.
Scientific Retractions on the Rise. 2015. http://www.onthemedia.org/story/156476-scientific-retractions-rise/?utm_source=sharedUrl&utm_medium=metatag&utm_campaign=sharedUrl. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Shehryar, Omar, and David M. Hunt. 2005. A Terror Management Perspective on the Persuasiveness of Fear Appeals. Journal of Consumer Psychology (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) 15 (4): 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1504_2.
Smith, C., and R. Lazsrus. 1993. Appraisal Components, Core Relational Themes, an the Emotions. Cognition and Emotion 7 (3–4). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247497157_Appraisal_Components_Core_Relational_Themes_and_the_Emotions.
Sparacino, Flavia. 2002. The Museum Wearable: Real-Time Sensor-Driven Understanding of Visitors’ Interests for Personalized Visually-Augmented Museum Experiences. Museums and the Web 2002: Selected Papers from an International Conference (6th, Boston, MA April 17–20), April, 33.
Spencer, Graham. 2005. The Media and Peace: From Vietnam to the “War on Terror”. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Taylor, Dalmas A., and Irwin Altman. 1975. Self-Disclosure as a Function of Reward-Cost Outcomes. Sociometry 38 (1): 18–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786231.
“The Rhetoric Beat.” n.d. Columbia Journalism Review. http://www.cjr.org/essay/the_rhetoric_beat.php. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
“Top Sites in: All Categories: News.” 2015. Alexa.com. http://www.alexa.com/topsites/category/Top/News. Accessed 16 Sept 2015.
“Trump Supporters Think Obama Is A Muslim Born in Another Country.” n.d. Public Policy Polling. http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/main/2015/08/trump-supporters-think-obama-is-a-muslim-born-in-another-country.html. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.
Tuchman, Gaye. 1978. Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality. New York: Free Press.
“What Do Americans Think about Islam?” 2013. Poll Data. Barna Group. https://www.barna.org/barna-update/culture/610-what-do-americans-think-about-islam#.VfLug2RVhHy.
Zaharna, R. 2010. Battles to Bridges: U.S. Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy After 9/11. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0159279.PDF. Accessed 9 Aug 2016.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Finney, M. (2019). Media Studies: Why 9/11 and Digital Media Pose New Problems and Opportunities for the Study of News. In: Finney, M., Shannon, M. (eds) 9/11 and the Academy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16419-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16419-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16418-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16419-5
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)