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Trolls, Water, Time, and Community: Resource Management in the Mývatn District of Northeast Iceland

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Global Perspectives on Long Term Community Resource Management

Part of the book series: Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation ((STHE,volume 11))

Abstract

The Mývatn area in northeast Iceland has been occupied by farming communities since the arrival of Viking Age settlers in the late ninth century. Despite its inland location and relatively high elevation, this lake basin was affected by continuous human occupation through periods of harsh climate, volcanic eruptions, epidemics, and world system impacts. Mývatn’s residents have practised farming, fishing, egg-collecting, and hunting activities for over a millennium. They managed the landscape and its resources with the use of traditional knowledge, which included the story of the troll woman, Kráka, who lived in a cave in the mountain Bláfjall (“Blue Mountain”). The story of Kráka and the river Kráká that bears her name provides a striking metaphor for the landscape history including water resources and environmental changes the agricultural community sustained over time.

The Icelandic language contains the letters ð (upper case Ð) pronounced like the “th” in “clothe” and þ (upper case Þ) pronounced like the “th” in “thing”. Unless in a quotation or a personal name, the letter “Þ” is transliterated to “Th” here.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This is encapsulated specifically in the initiative entitled Inscribing Environmental Memory in the Icelandic Sagas (IEM). This is one of several projects that have unfolded through the integrated network collaboration described above. IEM is a major cross-cutting initiative of the Nordic Network for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies (NIES), the North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO), and the Global Human Ecodynamics Alliance (GHEA). See http://ihopenet.org/circumpolarnetworks. Other recent and new projects include the National Science Foundation (USA) funded award 1,446,308, Investigations of the Long-Term Sustainability of Human Ecodynamic Systems in Northern Iceland (MYCHANGE); the RANNÍS (Icelandic Centre for Research) funded award 163133-051, The Mývatn District of Iceland: Sustainability, Environment and Change ca. AD 1700–1950 (MYSEAC); and the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond (Sweden) award P16-06051, Reflections of Change: The Natural World in Literary and Historical Sources from Iceland ca. AD 800–1800 (ICECHANGE).

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Acknowledgements

This research was made possible by generous grants from the National Geographic Society, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Leverhulme Trust, the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Leifur Eiriksson Fellowship Program, the American Scandinavian Foundation, and the US National Science Foundation (awards: 0732327; 1140106; 1119354; 1203823; 1203268; 1202692; 1249313; 0527732; 0638897; 0629500; 0947862; 1446308). Also funding from RANNIS (Icelandic Research Council award 163133-051) and from Riksbankens Jubileumsfond of Sweden (award P16-0605:1) is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to extend our warmest thanks to our host communities in Iceland who have supported this work and partnered in the investigation of their own rich heritage as a source for education for sustainability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Reykjavík Academy, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Ragnhildur Sigurðardóttir, Viðar Hreinsson & Árni Daníel Júlíusson

  2. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Anthony J. Newton & Andrew J. Dugmore

  3. Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA

    Megan T. Hicks & Thomas H. McGovern

  4. Stefansson Arctic Institute, Akureyri, Iceland

    Viðar Hreinsson, A. E. J. Ogilvie & Steven Hartman

  5. Natural History Museum of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Viðar Hreinsson

  6. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO, USA

    A. E. J. Ogilvie

  7. National Museum of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Árni Daníel Júlíusson

  8. University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Árni Einarsson & Orri Vésteinsson

  9. Mývatn Research Station, Myvatn, Iceland

    Árni Einarsson

  10. Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden

    Steven Hartman

  11. Stirling University, Stirling, UK

    I. A. Simpson

  12. Institute of Archaeology, Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Orri Vésteinsson

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    Ludomir R. Lozny  & Thomas H. McGovern  & 

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Sigurðardóttir, R. et al. (2019). Trolls, Water, Time, and Community: Resource Management in the Mývatn District of Northeast Iceland. In: Lozny, L.R., McGovern, T.H. (eds) Global Perspectives on Long Term Community Resource Management. Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15800-2_5

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