Abstract
This chapter details how President Kennedy’s revised foreign policy structures helped him successfully resolve the Cuban Missile Crisis. It argues that the crisis was the ultimate test of Kennedy’s leadership. Further, the chapter highlights the important part Sorensen played in assisting the president to handle the crisis effectively. It details Sorensen’s role in crafting the president’s speech to the nation at the height of the crisis and his impact on the decision-making process during the deliberations that determined the administration’s response. The chapter examines the impact of the crisis, arguing that during his final year in office, Kennedy’s foreign policy approach shifted to focus on the pursuit of peace. It also explores the contradiction between this new approach and the ongoing US involvement in Vietnam.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allison, G., and Philip Zelikow. 1999. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Longman.
Bernstein, Barton J. 1980. “The Cuban Missile Crisis: Trading the Jupiters in Turkey?” Political Science Quarterly 95, no. 1 (Spring): 97–125.
Brenner, Philip. 1990. “Cuba and the Missile Crisis.” Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1 (March): 115–142.
Brogan, Hugh. 1996. Kennedy: Profiles in Power. Essex: Longman.
Costigliola, Frank. 1995. “Kennedy, the European Allies, and the Failure to Consult.” Political Science Quarterly 110, no. 1 (Spring): 105–123.
Dallek, Robert. 2003. John F. Kennedy: An Unfinished Life 1917–1963. New York: Allen Lane.
Dominguez, Jorge I. 2000. “The @#$%& Missile Crisis: (Or What Was “Cuban” About U.S. Decisions During the Cuban Missile Crisis?)” Diplomatic History 24, no. 2 (April): 305–315.
Giglio, James N. 1991. The Presidency of John F. Kennedy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Haefele, Mark. 2001. “John F. Kennedy, USIA, and World Public Opinion.” Diplomatic History 25, no. 1 (January): 63–84.
Halberstam, David. 1972. The Best and the Brightest. London: Barrie and Jenkins.
———. 1988. The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam During the Kennedy Era. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Kahan, Jerome H., and Anne K. Long. 1972. “The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Study of Its Strategic Context.” Political Science Quarterly 87, no. 4 (December): 564–590.
Kennedy, John F. 1962. “Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba, October 22, 1962.” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/sUVmCh-sB0moLfrBcaHaSg.aspx.
———. 1963. “Commencement Address at American University, Washington, D.C., June 10, 1963.” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. https://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/JFK-Speeches/American-University_19630610.aspx.
———. 1963. “Remarks of President John F. Kennedy at the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin, June 26, 1963.” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. https://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/JFK-Speeches/Berlin-W-Germany-Rudolph-Wilde-Platz_19630626.aspx.
Kennedy, Robert F. 1969. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
McNamara, Robert S. 1963. “Memorandum from Secretary McNamara and the Head of the Joint Chiefs to President Kennedy, October 2, 1963.” Theodore C. Sorensen Papers, Presidential Papers, Classified Subject Files 1961–64, Vietnam, Box 55, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
———. 1964. Interview by Arthur M. Schlesinger Jnr. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. April 4, 1964. https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKOH-RSM-01.aspx.
Nathan, James A. 1975. “The Missile Crisis: His Finest Hour Now.” World Politics 27, no. 2 (January): 256–281.
O’Brien, Michael. 2005. John F. Kennedy: A Biography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books.
O’Donnell, Kenneth P., and David F. Powers. 1972. “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye”: Memories of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
Pious, Richard M. 2001. “The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Limits of Crisis Management.” Political Science Quarterly 116, no. 1 (Spring): 81–105.
Record of National Security Council Meeting 506, October 21, 1962. John F. Kennedy Papers, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda, National Security Council Meetings, Box 313, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
Reeves, Thomas C. 1997. A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy. New York: Forum.
Salinger, Pierre. 1966. With Kennedy. New York: Doubleday.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. 1978. Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Ballantine Books.
Selverstone, Marc J. 2010. “It’s a Date: Kennedy and the Timetable for a Vietnam Troop Withdrawal.” Diplomatic History 34, no. 3 (June): 485–495.
Shenon, Philip. 1990. “Ex-Kennedy Aides Ask Release of ’62 Crisis Papers.” The New York Times, October 14. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/14/world/ex-Kennedy-aides-ask-release-of-62-crisis-papers.html.
Sorensen, Theodore C. 1962. “Memorandum, October 16, 1962.” Theodore C. Sorensen Papers, Presidential Papers, Classified Subject Files 1961–64, Cuba General, Box 48, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
———. 1962. “Memorandum, October 22, 1962.” Theodore C. Sorensen Papers, Presidential Papers, Classified Subject Files 1961–64, Cuba General, Box 48, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
———. 1963. “U.S. Policy Toward Cuba Today, February 19, 1963.” Theodore C. Sorensen Papers, Presidential Papers, Classified Subject Files 1961–64, Cuba—Subjects, Box 49, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
———. 1963. “Speech Notes, Remarks at the Berlin Rathaus, June 26, 1963.” John F. Kennedy Papers, President’s Office Files, Speech Files, Remarks at the Signing of the Golden Book at Rudolph Wildeplatz, Berlin, Germany, Box 45, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
———. 1965. Kennedy. New York: Harper and Row.
———. 2001. “The ’13 Days’ Taught Seven Truths.” Los Angeles Times, February 1. http://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/01/local/me-19632.
———. 2008. Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History. New York: HarperCollins.
Tentative Agenda for Off-the-Record NSC meeting, October 21, 1962, 2.30 pm. John F. Kennedy Papers, President’s Office Files, Speech Files, Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Build Up in Cuba, October 22, 1962, Box 41, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
White, Mark J. 2007. Against the President: Dissent and Decision-Making in the White House—A Historical Perspective. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ulyatt, M.A. (2019). From Arrows to Olive Branches. In: Theodore Sorensen and the Kennedys. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15796-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15796-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-15795-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-15796-8
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)