Skip to main content

What Is Really There in the Quantum World?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Philosophers Look at Quantum Mechanics

Part of the book series: Synthese Library ((SYLI,volume 406))

Abstract

The state of a classical system represents physical reality by assigning truth values, true or false, to every proposition about the values of the system’s physical quantities. I present an analysis of the Frauchiger-Renner thought experiment (Frauchiger D, Renner R: Single-world interpretations of quantum mechanics cannot be self-consistent. arXiv eprint quant-ph/1604.07422, 2016), an extended version of the ‘Wigner’s friend’ thought experiment (Wigner E: Remarks on the mind-body question. In: Good IJ (ed) The scientist speculates. Heinemann, London, 1961), to argue that the state of a quantum system should be understood as purely probabilistic and not representational.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bell, J. (1990). Against measurement. PhysicsWorld, 8, 33–40. Reprinted in A. Miller (Ed.), Sixty-two years of uncertainty: Historical, philosophical and physical inquiries into the foundations of quantum mechanics (pp. 17–31). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Born, M., & Jordan, P. (1925). Zur Quantenmechanik. Zeitschrift fur Physik, 34, 858–888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Born, M., Heisenberg, W., & Jordan, P. (1925). Zur Quantenmechanik II. Zeitschrift fur Physik, 35, 557–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. R. (2006). Physical relativity: Space-time structure from a dynamical perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bub, J. (2016). Bananaworld: Quantum mechanics for primates (p. 211). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bub, J., & Pitowsky, I. (2010). Two dogmas about quantum mechanics. In S. Saunders, J. Barrett, A. Kent, & D. Wallace (Eds.), Many worlds? Everett, quantum theory, and reality (pp. 431–456). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clauser, J. F., Horne, M. A., Shimony, A., & Holt, R. A. (1969). Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories. Pysical Review Letters, 23, 880–884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colbeck, R., & Renner, R. (2011). No extension of quantum theory can have improved predictive power. Nature Communications, 2, 411. For two qubits in an entangled Bell state, Colbeck and Renner show that there can’t be a variable, z, associated with the history of the qubits before the preparation of the entangled state in the reference frame of any inertial observer, that provides information about the outcomes of measurements on the qubits, so that Alice’s and Bob’s marginal probabilities conditional on z are closer to 1 than the probabilities of the Bell state. They show how the argument can be extended to any entangled state, and then to any quantum state.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einstein, A. (1949). Autobiographical notes. In P. A. Schillp (Ed.), Albert Einstein: Philosopher-scientist (p. 85). Open Court: La Salle. But on one supposition we should, in my opinion, absolutely hold fast: the real factual situation of the system S 2 is independent of what is done with the system S 1, which is spatially separated from the former.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einstein, A. (1954). What is the theory of relativity? Ideas and opinions (p. 228). New York: Bonanza Books. Reprinted from an article in the London Times, 28 Nov 1919.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frauchiger, D., & Renner, R. (2016). Single-world interpretations of quantum mechanics cannot be self-consistent. arXiv eprint quant-ph/1604.07422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, A. N. (1957). Measures on the closed subspaces of Hilbert space. Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics, 6, 885–893.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, D., Müller, M., Colbeck, R., & Dahlsten, O. C. (2010). All reversible dynamics in maximally nonlocal theories are trivial. Physical Review Letters, 104, 080402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heisenberg, W. (1925). ‘Über Quantentheoretischer Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. Zeitschrift fur Physik, 33, 879–893.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen, M. (2009). Drawing the line between kinematics and dynamics in special relativity. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 40, 26–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kent, A. (2005). Secure classical bit commitment over finite channels. Journal of Cryptology, 18, 313–335; Unconditionally secure bit commitment. Physical Review Letters, 83, 1447–1450 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, H.-K., & Chau, H. F. (1997). Is quantum bit commitment really possible? Physical Review Letters, 78, 3410–3413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayers, D. (1997). Unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment is impossible. Physical Review Letters, 78, 3414–3417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menahem, Y. B. (1988). Realism and quantum mechanics. In A. van der Merwe (Ed.), Microphysical reality and quantum formalism. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitowsky, I. (2003). Betting on the outcomes of measurements: A Bayesian theory of quantum probability. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 34, 395–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitowsky, I. (2004). Macroscopic objects in quantum mechanics: A combinatorial approach. Physical Review A, 70, 022103–1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitowsky, I. (2007). Quantum mechanics as a theory of probability. In W. Demopoulos & I. Pitowsky (Eds.), Festschrift in honor of Jeffrey Bub. New York: Springer. arXiv e-print quant-ph/0510095.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popescu, S., & Rohrlich, D. (1994). Quantum nonlocality as an axiom. Foundations of Physics, 24, 379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pusey, M. (2016). Is QBism 80% complete, or 20%? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9Rs61l8MyY. Talk presented at a workshop: Information-theoretic interpretations of quantum mechanics, 11–12 June 2016, Western University, London.

  • Uhlhorn, U. (1963). Representation of symmetry transformations in quantum mechanics. Arkiv Fysik, 23, 307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, D. (2016). What is orthodox quantum mechanics? arXiv eprint quant-ph/1604.05973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigner, E. (1959). Group theory and its applications to quantum mechanics of atomic spectra. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigner, E. (1961). Remarks on the mind-body question. In I. J. Good (Ed.), The scientist speculates. London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Bill Demopoulos, Michel Janssen, Matthew Leifer, and Allen Stairs for illuminating discussions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey Bub .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bub, J. (2019). What Is Really There in the Quantum World?. In: Cordero, A. (eds) Philosophers Look at Quantum Mechanics. Synthese Library, vol 406. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15659-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics