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Nutritional and Medical Management of Kidney Stones pp 199–219Cite as

Nephrolithiasis in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two common entities that are increasing in prevalence and are associated with high costs. Each may serve as an independent risk factor for the other while also serving as dual manifestations of certain inherited conditions. Part one of this chapter highlights the relationship of nephrolithiasis and CKD, while the second part focuses on specific inherited conditions associated with both entities. Part three will briefly touch on management issues for those afflicted with both diseases.

A number of studies suggest that nephrolithiasis is associated with an increased risk of future kidney disease, but the level of evidence to support this is not strong nor has causality been established. CKD does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones. Regarding management of nephrolithiasis in CKD, there is little data to guide therapy, so decisions need to be individualized according to the level of GFR and the potential side effects of medications.

While a relationship between CKD and nephrolithiasis has been suggested, more research, namely, in the form of large, prospective trials, are necessary to determine what, if any, impact each entity has on the other. However, given that there are some inherited conditions associated with both entities, it is prudent for health-care providers to ensure that young patients presenting with nephrolithiasis are screened for these disorders, as well as followed for future kidney disease.

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  1. SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Adam Zayac, Semaan Kobrosssi & Stephen Knohl

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  1. Department of Nephrology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA, USA

    Haewook Han

  2. Division of Nephrology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA, USA

    Walter P. Mutter

  3. Department of Nephrology, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA, USA

    Samer Nasser

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Zayac, A., Kobrosssi, S., Knohl, S. (2019). Nephrolithiasis in Chronic Kidney Disease. In: Han, H., Mutter, W., Nasser, S. (eds) Nutritional and Medical Management of Kidney Stones. Nutrition and Health. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15534-6_18

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