Abstract
If the face is a window to the soul, then the smile is the light that reflects from the soul. The face conveys much information about a person, be it the identity, gender, feelings or even the thought process, e.g. [10, 13,14,15]. Since the smile is one of the most complex facial expressions, it is of no surprise that it contains much personality traits and other information about the individual.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Darwin, C.: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. John Murray, London (1872)
Duchenne, G.-B., Cuthbertson, A.R.: The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression. Cambridge University Press (1990)
Ekman, P.: An argument for basic emotions. Cogn. Emot. 6(3/4), 169–200 (1992)
Ekman, P.: Telling Lies. Norton, New York (2009)
Fridlund, A.J.: Human Facial Expression: An Evolutionary View. Academic Press, New York (1994)
Han, X., Ugail, H., Palmer, I.: Gender classification based on 3D face geometry features using SVM. In: Cyberworlds 2009, Bradford, UK (2009)
Pantic, M., Rothkrantz, L.: Expert system for automatic analysis of facial expression. Image Vis. Comput. 18, 881–905 (2000)
Schmidt, K.L., Ambadar, Z., Cohn, J.F., Reed, L.I.: Movement differences between deliberate and spontaneous facial expressions: Zygomaticus major action in smiling. J. Nonverbal Behav. 30, 37–52 (2006)
Ugail, H., Al-dahoud, A.: Is gender encoded in the smile? A computational framework for the analysis of the smile driven dynamic face for gender recognition. Vis. Comput. 34(9), 12431254 (2018)
Ugail, H.: Secrets of a smile? Your gender and perhaps your biometric identity. Biom. Technol. Today 2018(6), 57 (2018)
Yap, M.H., Ugail, H., Zwiggelaar, R., Rajoub, B., Doherty, V., Appleyard, S., Huddy. G.: A short review of methods for face detection and multifractal analysis. In: Cyberworlds 2009, Bradford, UK (2009)
Yap, M.H., Ugail, H., Zwiggelaar, R., Rajoub, B.: Facial image processing for facial analysis. In: IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST 2010), California, USA, San Jose (2010)
Yap, M.H., Ugail, H., Zwiggelaar, R.: Intensity score for facial actions detection in near-frontal-view face sequences. Comput. Commun. Eng. 6, 819–824 (2013)
Yap, M.H., Ugail, H., Zwiggelaar, R.: Facial analysis for real-time application: a review in visual cues detection techniques. J. Commun. Comput. 9, 1231–1241 (2013)
Yap, M.H., Ugail, H., Zwiggelaar, R.: Facial behavioural analysis: a case study in deception detection. Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 4(10), 1485–1496 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ugail, H., Aldahoud, A.A.A. (2019). Conclusions. In: Computational Techniques for Human Smile Analysis. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15381-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15381-6_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-15380-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-15381-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)