Abstract
From the perspective of ESCOs and financiers, not much information is available on the decision-making criteria in the public real estate sector. From the perspective of ESCOs and financiers, not much information is available on the decision-making criteria in the public real estate sector. This chapter describes the basic definitions and structures of cost calculation and cost effectiveness calculation in the public real estate sector. These calculations are necessary for the better understanding of DER business models and financial models needed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
References on national level: SIA D0213 (Switzerland), ZIA 100 Guideline (Germany)
BIMA Report 2012, Berlin, German
W. Pan, A.R.J. Dainty, A.G.F. Gibb (2012) Establishing and weighting decision criteria for building system selection ASCE. J. Constr. Eng. Manag
Prediction and optimization of life-cycle costs in early design, Bogenstätter http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096132100418528
www.iso.org/iso; https://www.beuth.de › Startseite › Bauwesen › DIN EN 15804, eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/ILCD-Recommendation-of-methods-for-LCIA-def.pdf; VDI 2067, Blatt 1, Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (Beuth Verlag, Berlin, 2010)
ISO/DIS 15686-5
U.S.A., Federal Energy Management Program rules (10 CPR 436) that the study period can be as long as 25 years, in European countries the
https://www.wbdg.org/resources/life-cycle-cost-analysis-lcca
For examples, see: https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/tradeingoodsmretsallbopeu2013
Bleyl et al., Building deep energy retrofit: using dynamic cash flow analysis and multiple benefits to convince investors, EEECB paper draft (2017)
Moerck, Zhivov, Lohse et al., DER Case Studies. IEA EBC Annex 61, 2017 (print in preparation)
M. Hyland, R.C. Lyons, S. Lyons The Value of Domestic building Energy Efficiency-Evidence from Ireland, 2012 (Department of Economics Discussion Papers, University of Oxford, 2012)
International Energy Agency (IEA), Capturing the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency (Paris 2014)
Developing EPC towards DER, Lohse, ASHRAE technical paper (2014)
Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO): International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, Toronto, 2015 (https://evo-world.org) The method outlined in IPMVP Option C (Whole Facility), supported by the data collection methodology described in EN 16247-2 Energy Audits –Part 2: Buildings [2c] should be followed
EPC Best Practice, Do Environment and Energy, Stuttgart, 2015 (German) http://www.energiekompetenz-bw.de/contracting/beispiele/gute-beispiele/
Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO): International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, Toronto, 2015 Grid stabilization is adding approx.25% of the power production value
FGW Regulation No. 3, Germany; http://www.wind-fgw.de/pdf/TR3_Rev20-e_preview.pdf
Reversing the Deterioration of our Nation´s Public School Buildings (Council of the Great Cities, Chicago, 2014)
INQA Bauen “Instandhaltung von Bauten und technischer Gebäudeausrüstung http://www.inqa-bauen.de/upload/komko/pdf/7_3_0106.pdf
PECI. 1999. Operations and Maintenance Assessments. Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. Published by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C (1999)
IFMA Members ID Top FM Best Practices and Drivers of Quality FM http://www.fmlink.com/Marketplace/WhitePapers/Articles/old/MACTEC-070907.html
O&M Guide, US Department of Energy, Washington (2012)
NASA O&M Guidebook (2009), https://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/npg_img/N_PR_8831…_/N_PR_8831_002E_.pdf
O&M Guide, U.S. Department of Energy (2010)
Fixed Asset Accounting and Management Procedures Manual Section 10, Improvements, Betterments, and Maintenance.; City of Houston. Revision 4. February 3, 2005, http://www.houstontx.gov/finance/fixed_asset/fixed_asset_10.pdf “Guidance for Local Governments and Local Government Entities”
K.M. Fowler, E.M. Rauch, Assessing Green Building Performance, A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Twelve GSA Buildings (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2008)
KEA Reports: Contracting als Modell zur Erschließung von Energieeffizienzinvestitionen, Karlsruhe 2008 (German) Cost estimates show that to tradeoff the current refurbishment backlog in Baden-Württemberg´s public buildings would demand for a €15bn investment in the next 5 years
KEA Reports: Contracting als Modell zur Erschließung von Energieeffizienzinvestitionen, Karlsruhe 2008 (German) However most of the public swimming pools are not operated cost effective so that the calculation of losses might turn into a revenue calculation of avoided losses in operational costs
Dutch standard for condition assessment of buildings, Ad Straub, OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 2012)
Kompetenzzentrum Contracting, Projektberichte, EPC projects in Ehingen/Donau and Oftersheim, Karlsruhe, 2016 (German)
Kompetenzzentrum Contracting, Projek, EPC projects in Buchen, Besigheim, Reutlingen, Freiburg Pool 2,3, Karlsruhe, 2017 (German)
Municipal Administration of Frankfurt/Main. Energiebericht 2009, Frankfurt/Germany: “9 Energy Managers for 250 buildings assumed with 15.000 m2 average floor space”
According to time schedules of professional energy managers at ESCos supervising 50 and more buildings per capita in EPC projects (remuneration is related to the energy performance)
S.R. Muldavin, Value Beyond Cost Savings: How to Underwrite Sustainable Properties (2010)
Value Beyond Energy, GSA (Washington, 2015)
J.J. Romm, W.D. Browning, greening the building and the bottom line: increasing productivity through energy efficient design (Snowmass, CO: Rocky Mountain Institute; 1994), http://www.greenbiz.com/files/document/O16F8527.pdf. Accessed 10 May 20081998
International Accountancy Standards IAS Nr. 2, 5,11,16,36, 40 and US GAAP, International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS 5 and national Standards
S. Sayce, A. Sundberg, B. Clements, Is Sustainability Reflected in Commercial Property Prices: An Analysis of The Evidence Base (RICS Research, London, 2010)
Bio Intelligence Service, Ronan Lyons and IEEP, 2013, Energy performance certificates in buildings and their impact on transaction prices and rents in selected EU countries, Final report prepared for European Commission (DG Energy)
WGBC, 2013, The Business Case for Green Building - A Review of the Costs and Benefits for Developers, Investors and Occupants, World Green Building Council
P. Eichholtz, N. Kok, J. Quigley Doing well by doing good? Green office buildings. Am. Econ. Rev. 100 (December 2010): 2492–2509 (2010), http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.100.5.2492
S. Wachter, Valuing energy efficient buildings. report prepared for energy efficient building hub, http://gislab.wharton.upenn.edu/Papers/Valuing%20Energy%20Efficient%20Buildings.pdf]
The Economics of LEED for Existing Buildings (Leonardo Academy Inc., April 21, 2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lohse, R., Zhivov, A. (2019). Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness of DER Projects. In: Deep Energy Retrofit Guide for Public Buildings. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14922-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14922-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-14921-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-14922-2
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)