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Virus Maturation

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Physical Virology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1215))

Abstract

A virus particle consists of a genome contained within a protein shell. This shell (the capsid) plays multiple roles throughout the infectious cycle, from genome protection to host recognition to successful genome delivery. When capsids first assemble in the cell, most often an initial product is obtained that has not achieved its fully infectious form. To do so, it must undergo a final process called maturation. Virus maturation entails conformational and stability changes. These changes are often driven by proteolytic cleavages, and their main purpose is to ensure successful delivery of the virus genome to a new host cell. Recent advances in molecular, structural, and physical virology techniques are providing a wealth of detailed information and new points of view to understand the principles of virus maturation. Evidence showing that viral capsids are built with a limited set of structural solutions has prompted a new virus classification in structural lineages deriving from a few initial ancestors. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on maturation for the main virus structural lineages, as well as for other relevant viruses not assigned to any particular lineage yet.

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Abbreviations

AdV:

Adenovirus

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AVP:

Adenovirus protease

BTV:

Bluetongue virus

cryo-EM:

Cryo-electron microscopy

EMD:

Electron microscopy data bank

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FHV:

Flock House virus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IBDV:

Infectious bursal disease virus

ICTV:

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

MCP:

Major coat protein

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NCLDV:

Nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses

PC:

Bacteriophage Φ6 polymerase complex (PC)

PDB:

Protein data bank

STED:

Stimulated emission depletion

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Acknowledgments

Work in the San Martín lab is funded by grants BFU2013-41249-P and BIO2015-68990-REDT (the Spanish Adenovirus Network, AdenoNet), from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, as well as BFU2016-74868-P, co-funded by the Spanish State Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund.

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  1. Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Carmen San Martín

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    Urs F. Greber

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San Martín, C. (2019). Virus Maturation. In: Greber, U. (eds) Physical Virology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1215. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14741-9_7

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