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Mechanics, Pathomechanics and Injury in the Overhead Athlete pp 151–164Cite as

The Role of the Scapula in the Overhead Athlete

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Abstract

The scapula serves many roles in shoulder function including serving as a stable base for muscle activation, dynamically moving in relation to the arm to create precise concavity/compression ball and socket kinematics throughout arm motion, providing through its dynamic stability optimal force and energy transfer from the core to the hand, and moving to allow maximum arm abduction/external rotation. The most effective scapular position to achieve these goals is retraction, and the most effective motion is retraction and controlled protraction. The loss of retraction can be caused by anatomical disruption (tissue derangement), anatomical impairment (tissue inflexibility, strength imbalance), or kinetic chain impairment (lower extremity inflexibility or weakness). These disruptions and impairments can alter scapular resting position and/or dynamic motion control and create scapular dyskinesis. Understanding how the scapula is stabilized and moves, what controls its movements, how its movements are integrated with arm movements, and the results of this integration in normal use and in shoulder injury will allow understanding of its roles in throwing and other overhead activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, KY, USA

    W. Ben Kibler

  2. Temple University, Department of Kinesiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Stephen J. Thomas

  3. Eastern Kentucky University, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Richmond, KY, USA

    Aaron D. Sciascia

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  1. W. Ben Kibler
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  2. Stephen J. Thomas
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Correspondence to Aaron D. Sciascia .

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  1. Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, KY, USA

    W. Ben Kibler

  2. Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA

    Aaron D. Sciascia

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Kibler, W.B., Thomas, S.J., Sciascia, A.D. (2019). The Role of the Scapula in the Overhead Athlete. In: Kibler, W., Sciascia, A. (eds) Mechanics, Pathomechanics and Injury in the Overhead Athlete. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12775-6_11

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