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Hypoxia and Cancer Metastasis pp 19–41Cite as

Clinical and Pre-clinical Methods for Quantifying Tumor Hypoxia

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1136))

Abstract

Hypoxia, a prevalent characteristic of most solid malignant tumors, contributes to diminished therapeutic responses and more aggressive phenotypes. The term hypoxia has two definitions. One definition would be a physiologic state where the oxygen partial pressure is below the normal physiologic range. For most normal tissues, the normal physiologic range is between 10 and 20 mmHg. Hypoxic regions develop when there is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. The impact of hypoxia on cancer therapeutics is significant: hypoxic tissue is 3× less radiosensitive than normoxic tissue, the impaired blood flow found in hypoxic tumor regions influences chemotherapy delivery, and the immune system is dependent on oxygen for functionality. Despite the clinical implications of hypoxia, there is not a universal, ideal method for quantifying hypoxia, particularly cycling hypoxia because of its complexity and heterogeneity across tumor types and individuals. Most standard imaging techniques can be modified and applied to measuring hypoxia and quantifying its effects; however, the benefits and challenges of each imaging modality makes imaging hypoxia case-dependent. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical methods for quantifying hypoxia is presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Ashlyn G. Rickard, Gregory M. Palmer & Mark W. Dewhirst

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  1. Ashlyn G. Rickard
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  2. Gregory M. Palmer
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  1. Breast and Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Daniele M. Gilkes

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Rickard, A.G., Palmer, G.M., Dewhirst, M.W. (2019). Clinical and Pre-clinical Methods for Quantifying Tumor Hypoxia. In: Gilkes, D. (eds) Hypoxia and Cancer Metastasis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1136. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12734-3_2

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